{
  "abstract": "Livestock farming environments are major reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), yet scalable genetic indicators that quantitatively capture AMR risk remain limited. The class 1 integrase gene intI 1 is a hallmark of class 1 integrons (CL1s), which couple gene capture with horizontal transfer capacity and have emerged as leading candidates. However, their suitability as a direct proxy for livestock-associated AMR risk has not been rigorously tested at scale. Here we show that the abundance of intI 1 functions as a robust quantitative indicator of livestock-associated AMR risk. Using a custom Class 1 Integrase Database expanded by 63.5% and integrating 4017 livestock metagenomes, 9625 livestock-derived isolate genomes, and approximately 1.2 million human clinical isolate genomes, we demonstrate that intI 1 abundance tracks host- and geography-dependent risk patterns, that livestock CL1s carry compact, conserved resistance-cassette arrays matching clinical spectra, and that nearly all are plasmid-borne, with their efficient dissemination facilitated by Tn402, ISCR, and IS110 family elements. A random-forest model trained on these data predicts global intI 1 abundance and associated risk with high accuracy ( R 2 = 0.93), revealing persistent hotspots across Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and South America over two decades. These findings establish intI 1 as a practical, single-platform proxy that can be incorporated into One Health surveillance and early-warning systems.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, 712100, China",
    "State Key Laboratory of Soil Pollution Control and Safety, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China",
    "College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Corresponding author."
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Chengcheng Yao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Liusheng Lei"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Wenyan Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Lan Jiang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Wenshan Yang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Yaqi Sheng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Zishu Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Xun Qian"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6sk44rm8wxv3r.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.ese.2026.100759",
  "fulltext_url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666498426001043",
  "id": "6sk44rm8wxv3r",
  "issns": [
    "2666-4984"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ese.2026.100759",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "GE1-350"
    ],
    [
      "lcc",
      "TD1-1066"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1313|Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7208837689",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666498426001043/pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-01",
  "publisher": "Elsevier",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6sk44rm8wxv3r.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:44:31Z",
      "native_id": "5bfc1cc63fd246a4bb6c4048b9087746",
      "source": "doaj",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ese.2026.100759"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "earth",
      "origin": "lcc:GE1-350",
      "subfield": "environmental-science"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Global",
  "title_text": "Global",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T13:44:31Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6sk44rm8wxv3r",
  "venue": "Environmental Science and Ecotechnology",
  "versions": []
}