{
  "abstract": "Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a rare but geographically concentrated malignancy. Long-term comparative analyses of NPC trends between the United States and global populations, particularly by sex, are limited. Using Global Burden of Disease 2023 data, we analyzed temporal trends in NPC incidence, prevalence, and mortality from 1990 to 2023 in the United States and worldwide. Age-standardized rates per 100,000 population were calculated. Joinpoint regression estimated annual percent changes (APCs) and average annual percent change (AAPC) with 95% confidence intervals. Pairwise comparisons assessed differences between United States and global trends. Mortality forecasts through 2050 were generated using the established Global Burden of Disease forecasting framework. From 1990 to 2023, US age-standardized mortality declined by 44%, from 0.34 to 0.19 per 100,000 (AAPC: -1.70), while global mortality decreased from 1.46 to 0.83 (AAPC: -1.70). Global mortality increased between 2020 and 2023 (APC: 2.06), unlike the US decline. The incidence rate declined in the United States over the study period (AAPC: -1.03), while remaining largely stable globally. However, global incidence increased between 2020 and 2023 (APC: 3.86). Similarly, prevalence decreased in the United States (AAPC: -0.81) while showing a rising trend worldwide (AAPC: 0.74). Males consistently exhibited higher rates across all measures. Pairwise comparisons showed significant differences between United States and global trends. From 2023 to 2050, global NPC age-standardized mortality rate is projected to increase by 12.05% (0.93, 95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 0.75-1.16), driven by a 21.8% rise in males (1.45, 95% UI: 1.18-1.78), while declining by 11.76% in females (0.45, 95% UI: 0.33-0.63). In the United States, age-standardized mortality rate is projected to increase by 10.5% (0.21, 95% UI: 0.18-0.23), with a 17.9% rise in males (0.33, 95% UI: 0.29-0.37) and an 11.82% decline in females (0.097, 95% UI: 0.08-0.12). US NPC burden has declined steadily, while global patterns show rising prevalence and recent mortality increases. The observed differences in burden and temporal trends underscore the importance of further research into strategies for surveillance, early detection, and prevention in high-risk populations.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Dermatology Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.",
    "Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia.",
    "College of Medicine, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia.",
    "Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.",
    "Najran University, Najran City, Saudi Arabia.",
    "College of Medicine and Surgery, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.",
    "Batterjee Medical College, Aseer, Saudi Arabia.",
    "College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.",
    "College of Medicine, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia.",
    "University of Szeged Albert Szent-Györgyi, Szeged, Hungary.",
    "Arabian Gulf University, Bahrain.",
    "Faculty of Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.",
    "King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Tabuk Health Cluster, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 13,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ibraheem Altamimi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Zainab Yunus Alfallatah"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Abdulrahman Alzmmam"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Mesfer Alsaqoor"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Mohammed Ibrahim A Almakrami"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Abdulaziz Abdulmalik Althubyani"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Mubarak Mohammed Alshahrani"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Abdulmalik Abdulelah Bin Kassim"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Mohammed Abdullah Alharbi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Muath Hamad Alqesair"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        10
      ],
      "name": "Mohammed Adel Albalawi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        11
      ],
      "name": "Aalaa Saleh",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9046-3003"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        12
      ],
      "name": "Saad Hamdi Alenzi"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6t5zgax24a8ds.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1097/md.0000000000051132",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13681143",
  "id": "6t5zgax24a8ds",
  "issns": [
    "0304-5412",
    "1536-5964"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42888609",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2733|Head and Neck Cancer Studies"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7222676496",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13681143?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13681143",
  "pmid": "42888609",
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6t5zgax24a8ds.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:16Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42888609",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42888609"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2733|Head and Neck Cancer Studies",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Nasopharyngeal carcinoma burden in the United States and worldwide, 1990 to 2023: A pairwise analysis with mortality projections to 2050.",
  "title_text": "Nasopharyngeal carcinoma burden in the United States and worldwide, 1990 to 2023: A pairwise analysis with mortality projections to 2050.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:16Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6t5zgax24a8ds",
  "venue": "Medicine",
  "versions": []
}