{
  "abstract": "Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are zoonotic pathogens that exhibit periodic pandemics globally, posing significant public health risks. In this study, we developed a quadruplex RT-qPCR method that targets the M gene for universal AIV detection and the HA gene for simultaneous differentiation of the H5, H7, and H9 subtypes. The assay achieved a detection limit of 1 copy/μL for the H5, H7, and H9 reference materials based on HA gene quantification, equivalent to 5 copies per reaction. No cross-reactivity was observed with a panel of common avian pathogens. The reproducibility evaluation demonstrated both intra-batch and inter-batch coefficients of variation (CVs) to be less than 5%. Furthermore, the assay results were consistent with the expected outcomes for the reference materials tested, and the subtyping results were in agreement with whole-genome sequencing for the environmental samples. These findings indicate that the quadruplex RT-qPCR assay is a reliable tool for broad AIV detection and H5/H7/H9 subtyping, supporting its application in AIV surveillance.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China; Yanyun Laboratory, Baoding, 071001, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic Microorganisms, Baoding, 071001, China",
    "Baoding Key Laboratory for Biotic Resources and Diagnostics, CasMed Biotech Co., Ltd., Baoding, 071000, China; College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic Microorganisms, Baoding, 071001, China",
    "Yanyun Laboratory, Baoding, 071001, China; Baoding Key Laboratory for Biotic Resources and Diagnostics, CasMed Biotech Co., Ltd., Baoding, 071000, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic Microorganisms, Baoding, 071001, China",
    "Baoding Key Laboratory for Biotic Resources and Diagnostics, CasMed Biotech Co., Ltd., Baoding, 071000, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic Microorganisms, Baoding, 071001, China",
    "Yanyun Laboratory, Baoding, 071001, China; College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic Microorganisms, Baoding, 071001, China; Corresponding author. Yanyun Laboratory, Baoding, 071001, China.",
    "Hebei Animal Disease Control Center, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic Microorganisms, Baoding, 071001, China; Corresponding author. Hebei Animal Disease Control Center, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.",
    "College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China; Corresponding author."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
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        0
      ],
      "name": "Peng Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Xiuwen Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Yi Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Yan Liang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Yangyang Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Chenyang Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Fei Yu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Qing'an Han"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Yuzhong Ma"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6tz1h94gaz04x.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.jve.2026.100638",
  "fulltext_url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S205566402600018X",
  "id": "6tz1h94gaz04x",
  "issns": [
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    "2055-6659"
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  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jve.2026.100638",
  "language": "en",
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  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
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    ],
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      "lcc",
      "QR1-502"
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      "lcc",
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      "openalex",
      "2713|Influenza Virus Research Studies"
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  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13720467/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13720467",
  "pmid": "42964382",
  "published": "2026-10-16",
  "publisher": "Elsevier",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6tz1h94gaz04x.ris",
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  "subjects": [
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      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2713|Influenza Virus Research Studies",
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  "title": "Establishment and performance evaluation of quadruplex RT-qPCR method for universal avian influenza virus detection and H5/H7/H9 subtyping",
  "title_text": "Establishment and performance evaluation of quadruplex RT-qPCR method for universal avian influenza virus detection and H5/H7/H9 subtyping",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-03T12:21:20Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6tz1h94gaz04x",
  "venue": "Journal of Virus Eradication",
  "versions": []
}