{
  "abstract": "This study evaluated the effects of different Lumbricus sp. extract supplementation methods and levels in fermented feed on the digestibility, growth, gut emptying, blood glucose dynamics and phagocytic parameters of milkfish juveniles. Lumbricus sp. extract was applied either by spraying onto dried pellets or by mixing into the feed before pelleting at 0, 100, 200 and 300 mL kg-1 feed. Experimental feeds were given to milkfish juveniles (17.80 ± 0.20 g) for 50 days in 1 m3 hapa cages in a pond with a water depth of approximately 70 cm at a daily feeding rate of 5% body weight. The 300 mL kg-1 treatment, in both supplementation methods, improved feed digestibility, specific growth rate and digestive enzyme activity (cellulase, α-amylase and protease) compared with lower levels. Phagocytic activity and leukocyte count also increased, while blood glucose peaked and declined more rapidly in fish receiving the highest extract level. The 300 mL kg-1 extract mixed into the feed before pelleting produced the fastest gut emptying, with complete emptying at the 5th postprandial hour. These findings indicate that Lumbricus sp. extract can be used as a functional additive in fermented milkfish feed, with 300 mL kg-1 as the most effective level under the present experimental conditions.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Aquaculture Study Program, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km. 10, Tamalanrea, Makassar 90245, South Sulawesi, Indonesia.",
    "Fish Hatchery Technology Study Program, Department of Aquaculture, Pangkep State Polytechnic of Agriculture, Makassar-Parepare Km. 83, Pangkep Regency, Indonesia.",
    "Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.",
    "Department of Fisheries Science and Wildlife, College of Animal Production Science and Technology, Sudan University of Science and Technology, 6 Wehda street, District 7, Khartoum City, Sudan.",
    "Research Center for Process Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KST B.J. Habibie, Muncul Street, District Setu, 15314 South Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Siti Aslamyah"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Yusdalifa Ekayanti Yunus"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Nor Azman Kasan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Ayman Alameen Mohammed"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6vnq0p00m2hem.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.21315/tlsr2026.37.3.11",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13743180",
  "id": "6vnq0p00m2hem",
  "issns": [
    "1985-3718",
    "2180-4249"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42997667",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1104|Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7224126338",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13743180?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13743180",
  "pmid": "42997667",
  "published": "2026-10-15",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6vnq0p00m2hem.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-09T15:20:41Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42997667",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42997667"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:1104|Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth",
      "subfield": "ecology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Effects of Lumbricus sp. Extract Supplementation Methods and Levels in Fermented Feed on Digestibility, Growth, Gut Emptying, Blood Glucose and Phagocytic Parameters of Milkfish, Chanos chanos (Forsskal, 1775).",
  "title_text": "Effects of Lumbricus sp. Extract Supplementation Methods and Levels in Fermented Feed on Digestibility, Growth, Gut Emptying, Blood Glucose and Phagocytic Parameters of Milkfish, Chanos chanos (Forsskal, 1775).",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-09T15:20:41Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6vnq0p00m2hem",
  "venue": "Tropical life sciences research",
  "versions": []
}