{
  "abstract": "B cells are central for immunity and immune-mediated diseases (IMD), but how distinct signaling pathways drive diverse activation responses over time is not comprehensively understood. Here, we obtain peripheral blood B cells from 27 female healthy donors for in vitro stimulation, profiling the response at multiple time points using RNA-seq, single-cell RNA-seq with surface protein markers (CITE-seq), and ATAC-seq. Using diverse stimuli including activation of the B cell receptor (BCR), Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7), TLR9, CD40, and differentiation into double negative 2 (DN2) IgD – CD27 – CD11c ⁺ CD21 – B cells, our analyses uncover activation-dependent B cell states, stimulation-specific transcription factors and regulatory regions, the dynamic response of IMD-associated gene expression, and specific open chromatin regions associated with IMD genetic risk. Furthermore, we also identify a lupus risk variant in an enhancer regulating TNFSF4 expression. The analysis data can be accessed via an interactive browser: https://mgalab.shinyapps.io/bcellactivation . Our findings underscore how profiling the full breadth of B cell activation pathways may be important for understanding B cell biology in health and disease.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 40,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Vitor R. C. Aguiar",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4137-9518"
    },
    {
      "name": "Marcella E. Franco",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3107-3838"
    },
    {
      "name": "Nada Abdel Aziz",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7616-3645"
    },
    {
      "name": "Daniela Fernandez-Salinas"
    },
    {
      "name": "Marcos Chiñas",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0275-1302"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mariasilvia Colantuoni"
    },
    {
      "name": "Qian Xiao",
      "orcid": "0009-0009-3720-0341"
    },
    {
      "name": "Nicolaj Hackert",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5398-2595"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yifei Liao"
    },
    {
      "name": "Rodrigo Cervantes-Diaz",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7245-7315"
    },
    {
      "name": "Marc Todd"
    },
    {
      "name": "Brian Wauford"
    },
    {
      "name": "Alex Wactor"
    },
    {
      "name": "Vaishali Prahalad"
    },
    {
      "name": "Raquel Laza-Briviesca"
    },
    {
      "name": "Roxane Darbousset",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9868-3799"
    },
    {
      "name": "Qiang Wang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Scott Jenks",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7485-8331"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kevin S. Cashman"
    },
    {
      "name": "Esther Zumaquero",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7631-7114"
    },
    {
      "name": "Zhu Zhu"
    },
    {
      "name": "Junning Case"
    },
    {
      "name": "Paloma Cejas",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2090-7748"
    },
    {
      "name": "Miguel Gomez"
    },
    {
      "name": "Hannah Ainsworth",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1185-0695"
    },
    {
      "name": "Miranda Marion"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mehdi Benamar",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1532-8642"
    },
    {
      "name": "Pui Lee",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5779-4193"
    },
    {
      "name": "Lauren Henderson",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0242-4029"
    },
    {
      "name": "Margaret H. Chang",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3545-8957"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kevin Wei",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1821-167X"
    },
    {
      "name": "Henry Long",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6849-6629"
    },
    {
      "name": "Carl D. Langefeld",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4266-6949"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ashley D. Sanders",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3945-0677"
    },
    {
      "name": "Benjamin E. Gewurz",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3965-3418"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ignacio Sanz",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4182-587X"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jeffrey A. Sparks",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5556-4618"
    },
    {
      "name": "Esra Meidan"
    },
    {
      "name": "Peter A. Nigrovic",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2126-3702"
    },
    {
      "name": "Maria Gutierrez-Arcelus",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7898-7691"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6vzfp90g95gb1.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1038/s41467-026-78656-w",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "6vzfp90g95gb1",
  "issns": [
    "2041-1723"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-026-78656-w",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2403|T-cell and B-cell Immunology"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223373603",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-026-78656-w_reference.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-23",
  "publisher": "Springer Science and Business Media LLC",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6vzfp90g95gb1.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:39Z",
      "native_id": "10.1038/s41467-026-78656-w",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-026-78656-w"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:2403|T-cell and B-cell Immunology",
      "subfield": "immunology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Multi-omics profiling of primary human B cells activated via distinct stimuli",
  "title_text": "Multi-omics profiling of primary human B cells activated via distinct stimuli",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:39Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6vzfp90g95gb1",
  "venue": "Nature Communications",
  "versions": []
}