{
  "abstract": "Conventional hemodialysis (HD) is one of the most resource-intensive therapies in medicine and remains inaccessible to a large share of the world’s population with kidney failure. Allo-hemodialysis (alloHD) is a novel hemodialysis concept in which the blood of a healthy volunteer (“buddy”) replaces manufactured dialysate, flowing counter-currently to the patient’s blood across a conventional dialyzer membrane. Uremic solutes and excess fluid move from the patient into the buddy’s circulation and are cleared by the buddy’s own kidneys, while bicarbonate and water-soluble vitamins diffuse back to the patient. By eliminating water treatment, dialysate production, and much of a conventional machine’s electromechanical complexity, alloHD has the potential to lower the cost, complexity, and environmental footprint of kidney replacement therapy. This review synthesizes the evidence for alloHD, spanning two-compartment urea and acid–base kinetic modeling, ex vivo bench testing of a low-cost prototype, and in vivo porcine studies of acute kidney injury, while describing a modeling extension to severe neonatal jaundice. We summarize buddy safety considerations as well as review ethical issues and caregiver/health-care professional acceptance data. Finally, we position alloHD within the broader movement toward more sustainable and personalized dialysis, and outline the translational steps required before first-in-human study.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Renal Research Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA",
    "Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA",
    "Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Soba University Hospital, Khartoum 13314, Sudan",
    "Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland GmbH, 97424 Schweinfurt, Germany",
    "Department of Paediatrics, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada",
    "School of Medicine at Chapel Hill, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 25799, USA",
    "Department of History, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA",
    "Virinchi Hospital, Hyderabad 500034, India"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 16,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Peter Kotanko",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4373-412X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Vaibhav Maheshwari"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xin Wang",
      "orcid": "0009-0008-5128-9349"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Nadja Grobe",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9812-7672"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Alhaji Cherif"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xia Tao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Rasha Hussein",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5874-8781"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Amrish Patel"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Joshua Emmanuel Chao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Alexander Heide"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Dejan Nikolic"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Jiaming Dong"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Guido Filler",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1891-6765"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Maria Díaz-González de Ferris",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1694-886X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Nicholas Steneck",
      "orcid": "0009-0002-8402-7034"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Karopadi Shivanand Nayak"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6w15rtd8ja7cb.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/jcm15218717",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "6w15rtd8ja7cb",
  "issns": [
    "2077-0383"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/15/21/8717",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-11-08",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6w15rtd8ja7cb.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-10T00:21:41Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/jcm15218717",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/15/21/8717"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "journal-openalex:F27",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Allo-Hemodialysis: A Narrative Review of a Novel Approach to Resource-Sparing Kidney Replacement Therapy",
  "title_text": "Allo-Hemodialysis: A Narrative Review of a Novel Approach to Resource-Sparing Kidney Replacement Therapy",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-10T00:21:41Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6w15rtd8ja7cb",
  "venue": "Journal of Clinical Medicine",
  "versions": []
}