{
  "abstract": "Cognitive deficits are often present in early-stage Parkinson’s disease (PD) and may be differentially affected by dopaminergic therapy. Prior studies have relied on overnight OFF states, which may incompletely remove residual medication effects. Early-stage PD participants (dopaminergic treatment 1–4 years; aged 50–75 years; without motor fluctuations/dyskinesia) completed a comprehensive neuropsychological battery ON dopaminergic medication and after a one-week OFF-medication washout. Outcomes spanned executive function, attention/working memory, processing speed, memory, language, visuospatial function, and motor dexterity. Mean ON–OFF differences were estimated with 2,000-iteration bootstrap 95% CIs; paired tests were FDR-corrected. Nineteen of 20 participants (95%) completed the washout (mean age 65.8 ± 6.8 years; 75% male; LEDD = 490 ± 414 mg). OFF-medication scores were better for executive planning on D-KEFS Tower Total Achievement raw score (ON-OFF − 2.8; 95% CI − 4.3 to − 1.3; q = 0.027) and for processing speed on SDMT–Oral (− 6.2; 95% CI − 9.4 to − 3.1; q = 0.027). No FDR-significant ON–OFF differences were observed in attention/working memory, memory, or visuospatial measures. Effects were confined to the more cognitively demanding measures of executive planning and processing speed. These results are hypothesis-generating and require confirmation in counterbalanced designs.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 13,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Mallory L. Hacker"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ella R. Tobias"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kian Pazira"
    },
    {
      "name": "Haley Kling"
    },
    {
      "name": "Leeza Kopaeva"
    },
    {
      "name": "Liliana Venditti"
    },
    {
      "name": "Han Nguyen"
    },
    {
      "name": "Owen Dong"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sheffield Sharp"
    },
    {
      "name": "Thomas L. Davis"
    },
    {
      "name": "David H. Zald"
    },
    {
      "name": "David Charles"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ciaran Considine"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6x01zbtwh3gsn.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1038/s41598-026-73037-1",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "6x01zbtwh3gsn",
  "issns": [
    "2045-2322"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-73037-1",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2728|Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7219832533",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-73037-1_reference.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-05",
  "publisher": "Springer Science and Business Media LLC",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6x01zbtwh3gsn.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:22Z",
      "native_id": "10.1038/s41598-026-73037-1",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-73037-1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2728|Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments",
      "subfield": "neurology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Cognitive performance before and after a one-week medication washout in early-stage Parkinson’s disease",
  "title_text": "Cognitive performance before and after a one-week medication washout in early-stage Parkinson’s disease",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:22Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6x01zbtwh3gsn",
  "venue": "Scientific Reports",
  "versions": []
}