{
  "abstract": "Background\n\nHepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome, caused by fowl adenovirus serotype 4(FAdV-4), and inclusion body hepatitis, caused by fowl adenovirus 8b and 11 (FAdV-8b and FAdV-11), have become widespread in China, resulting in substantial economic losses. Vaccination remains one of the most effective strategies for disease prevention and control. However, no trivalent subunit vaccine targeting FAdV-4, FAdV-8b, and FAdV-11 has been reported. Therefore, we developed a trivalent nanoparticle vaccine (4-8-11 NPs) by covalently conjugating the fiber knob domains of FAdV-4, FAdV-8b, and FAdV-11 to the surface of Mi3 nanoparticles using the SpyTag/SpyCatcher modular system. The safety and efficacy of the vaccine were evaluated through protein expression analysis, physicochemical characterization, and in vivo immune challenge experiments.Results\n\nThe 4-8-11 NPs exhibited high biocompatibility and stability and were preferentially taken up by antigen-presenting cells, thereby promoting their maturation and cytokine production. In vivo studies confirmed that immunization with 4-8-11 NPs induced high titers of neutralizing antibodies and serotype-specific IgG, promoted lymphocyte proliferation, and elicited a balanced Th1/Th2 cytokine response, outperforming the corresponding monomeric antigen. In vivo imaging revealed that 4-8-11 NPs prolonged antigen retention at the injection site and enhanced antigen accumulation in the spleen. Challenge studies demonstrated complete protection against FAdV-4, FAdV-8b, and FAdV-11, with marked reductions in clinical signs, histopathological lesions, and viral load.Conclusions\n\nThese findings indicate that the Mi3-based trivalent nanoparticle vaccine elicits robust cross-serotype immune protection and represents a promising strategy for multivalent vaccine development against FAdV.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China.",
    "Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Shangyi County Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhangjiakou, 076750, Hebei, China.",
    "Hebei Veterinary Biotechnology Innovation Center, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China.",
    "Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 518, Ziyue Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200241, PR China. liliwei@shvri.ac.cn.",
    "College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China. zhaokuan@hebau.edu.cn.",
    "Hebei Veterinary Biotechnology Innovation Center, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China. zhaokuan@hebau.edu.cn."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 10,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Xiaofeng Dong"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Wuchao Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Shuaifeng Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jiashuang Ji"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ke Song"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Baishi Lei"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yunhang Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Wanzhe Yuan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Liwei Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4,
        5
      ],
      "name": "Kuan Zhao"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6x1m1m31426jw.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1186/s12951-026-04875-4",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13721579",
  "id": "6x1m1m31426jw",
  "issns": [
    "1477-3155"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42958348",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Research"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1103|Animal Virus Infections Studies"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7172288942",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13721579?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13721579",
  "pmid": "42958348",
  "published": "2026-08-04",
  "publisher": "BMC",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6x1m1m31426jw.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-01T00:20:47Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42958348",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42958348"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-03T12:22:15Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13721579",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-026-04875-4"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:1103|Animal Virus Infections Studies",
      "subfield": "zoology-behaviour"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Self-assembling trivalent nanoparticle vaccine enables multivalent antigen display and potent cross-protection against fowl adenovirus serotypes 4, 8b, and 11.",
  "title_text": "Self-assembling trivalent nanoparticle vaccine enables multivalent antigen display and potent cross-protection against fowl adenovirus serotypes 4, 8b, and 11.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-03T12:22:15Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6x1m1m31426jw",
  "venue": "Journal of nanobiotechnology",
  "versions": []
}