{
  "abstract": "The high antigenic diversity of HIV has been a major obstacle to development of a broadly protective vaccine. Nevertheless, protective HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) exist and have been proposed as templates for vaccine development 1-6 . Germline-targeting is a conceptually radical vaccine design approach to elicit bnAbs, aiming to prime rare bnAb-precursor B cells possessing pre-determined human genetic and structural features shared with template bnAbs, and then guide B cell affinity maturation to potent bnAb evolution with heterologous boosters 7-11 . Although the approach has shown promise in clinical 12-17 and pre-clinical 18-34 studies, it faces many immunological challenges and, to date, has not succeeded in generating bnAbs in humans or nontransgenic animals. Here, we report an adjuvanted protein germline-targeting vaccine tested in outbred nonhuman primates that generated bnAb-class memory B cells and sera capable of neutralizing diverse HIV clinical isolates. bnAb lineages were generated in ≥50% of animals, achieving up to 67% neutralization breadth compared to the reference bnAb. Vaccine-induced bnAbs exhibited precise structural mimicry of human bnAb interactions with HIV envelope (Env), matching the germline-targeting predictions. Furthermore, serum bnAb activity developed in 44% of animals and in the most striking instance reached titers expected to confer protection against diverse HIV isolates. These results demonstrate proof of principle that germline-targeting vaccines can reproducibly elicit prespecified classes of bnAbs to prespecified epitopes under endogenous conditions, supporting further optimization of this approach for HIV vaccine development.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA",
    "Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA",
    "IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA",
    "Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA",
    "Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA",
    "Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA",
    "Emory National Primate Research Center and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA",
    "The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA",
    "Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA",
    "Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA",
    "Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA",
    "Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA. shane@lji.org",
    "Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA. shane@lji.org",
    "Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. shane@lji.org",
    "Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA. schief@scripps.edu",
    "Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA. schief@scripps.edu",
    "IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA. schief@scripps.edu",
    "Moderna, Cambridge, MA, USA. schief@scripps.edu"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 50,
  "authors": [
    {
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        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Jon M. Steichen",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4586-3251"
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        3,
        0
      ],
      "name": "Patrick J. Madden",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4527-5692"
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      "name": "Claudia T. Flynn",
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      "name": "Swastik Phulera",
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        0
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      "name": "Monolina Shil"
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      "name": "Oleksandr Kalyuzhniy",
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      "name": "Alessia Liguori",
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      "name": "Leigh M. Sewall",
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      "name": "Christopher A. Cottrell",
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      "name": "Parham Ramezani-Rad",
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      "name": "Ester Marina-Zárate",
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      "name": "Danny Lu",
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      "name": "Diana Goodwin"
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      "name": "Ryan D. Tingle",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2874-7010"
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      "name": "Yumiko Adachi",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0795-9375"
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      "name": "Nushin B. Alavi",
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      "name": "Jenny Tran"
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      "name": "Andy S. Tran",
      "orcid": "0009-0004-0508-6015"
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      "name": "Alyne Nascimento"
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      "name": "Catherine Sovie"
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      "name": "Daniel L. Bader",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7731-0494"
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      "name": "Hannah Voic"
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      "name": "Xiaoya Zhou",
      "orcid": "0009-0001-5074-5815"
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      "name": "Grace Pixton"
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      "name": "Agnes A. Walsh"
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      "name": "Mariane B. Melo",
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      "name": "Facundo D. Batista",
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      "name": "John R. Yates",
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      "name": "Guido Silvestri",
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      "name": "Shane Crotty",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6484-6262"
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      "name": "William R. Schief",
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  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6x4gs8b283g1j.bib",
  "cited_by": 19,
  "doi": "10.1038/s41586-026-10837-5",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "6x4gs8b283g1j",
  "issns": [
    "0028-0836",
    "1476-4687"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10837-5",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2406|HIV Research and Treatment"
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  "openalex": "W7166642904",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": "PMC13489963",
  "pmid": "42380658",
  "published": "2026-06-30",
  "publisher": "Nature Portfolio",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6x4gs8b283g1j.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:26:51Z",
      "native_id": "W7166642904",
      "source": "openalex",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10837-5"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:2406|HIV Research and Treatment",
      "subfield": "microbiology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Vaccination elicits HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies in primates",
  "title_text": "Vaccination elicits HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies in primates",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-09T13:21:11Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6x4gs8b283g1j",
  "venue": "Nature",
  "versions": []
}