{
  "abstract": "Solid-state batteries with alkali metal anodes offer high energy density and improved safety, but their performance is hindered by void formation at the metal-solid electrolyte interface during metal stripping, leading to impedance rise and increased probability of dendrite formation upon plating. Here, we demonstrate that low concentrations (<5 vol%) of potassium metal added to industrial-grade lithium metal creates a dispersed Na-K liquid phase that suppresses voiding and enables stable, high-capacity stripping at practical current densities and stack pressures below 1 MPa. We furthermore identify a low-frequency oscillatory impedance attributed to “adaptive voiding”—the cyclic expansion and contraction of interfacial voids arising from an interplay between void growth and lithium deformation. This behavior, revealed by cryo-PFIB imaging and electrochemical analysis, offers a diagnostic signature for evaluating interfacial stability. These findings highlight new opportunities for designing robust, high-capacity SSBs operable under realistic mechanical constraints by controlling dynamic interfacial morphologies.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Materials Science & Engineering",
    "Massachusetts Institute of Technology",
    "Department of Mechanical Engineering",
    "University of Michigan",
    "Department of Aerospace Engineering"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Vijay D Veeraraghavan",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7327-7316"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Chiung-Yuan Lo",
      "orcid": "0009-0003-4030-9715"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Andrew B Li",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9540-087X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Sriram S Murali",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3377-8447"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Cole D Fincher",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8009-7484"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Hancheng Zhao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Archie Mingze Yao",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6369-129X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Venkatasubramanian Viswanathan",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1060-5495"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Yet-Ming Chiang",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0833-7674"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6y4mde3d3qz4d.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.26434/chemrxiv.15000881/v2",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "6y4mde3d3qz4d",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://chemrxiv.org/doi/full/10.26434/chemrxiv.15000881/v2",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2208|Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7213311171",
  "pdf_url": "https://chemrxiv.org/doi/pdf/10.26434/chemrxiv.15000881/v2",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-16",
  "publisher": "American Chemical Society (ACS)",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6y4mde3d3qz4d.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:19Z",
      "native_id": "10.26434/chemrxiv.15000881",
      "source": "chemrxiv",
      "url": "https://chemrxiv.org/doi/full/10.26434/chemrxiv.15000881/v2"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "source:chemrxiv",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Adaptive Voiding Enables Interfacial Morphological Control at Low Stack Pressure in Solid-State Batteries",
  "title_text": "Adaptive Voiding Enables Interfacial Morphological Control at Low Stack Pressure in Solid-State Batteries",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:19Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6y4mde3d3qz4d",
  "venue": "ChemRxiv",
  "versions": []
}