{
  "abstract": "NuSTAR and XMM-Newton have observed the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) North Ecliptic Pole (NEP) Time-Domain Field (TDF) for almost five contiguous years starting in 2019. In that time, the NEP X-ray survey has accumulated 3.5 Ms and 228 ks of quasi-simultaneous NuSTAR and XMM-Newton observations, respectively. This paper presents variability results for the 112 NuSTAR and 453 XMM-Newton sources detected in this field, based solely on the X-ray photometric data. Four NuSTAR sources and 11 XMM-Newton sources varied in at least one band at >=99% confidence. The sources with redshift measurements show a relationship between luminosity and variability with 74% of variable sources brighter than 5x the sensitivity limit of the survey. This is supported by about 1/3 of sources with more than 400 counts detected being variable and only 4 sources with fewer counts showing variability. Variability timescales are not well determined, but variability amplitude tends to be larger on longer timescales.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2609.24963",
  "author_total": 34,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Ross Silver"
    },
    {
      "name": "Francesca Civano"
    },
    {
      "name": "Xiurui Zhao"
    },
    {
      "name": "Samantha Creech"
    },
    {
      "name": "S. P. Willner"
    },
    {
      "name": "Christopher N. A. Willmer"
    },
    {
      "name": "Rogier A. Windhorst"
    },
    {
      "name": "Haojing Yan"
    },
    {
      "name": "Anton M. Koekemoer"
    },
    {
      "name": "Rosalia O'Brien"
    },
    {
      "name": "Rafael Ortiz III"
    },
    {
      "name": "Rolf A. Jansen"
    },
    {
      "name": "Gibson B. Bowling"
    },
    {
      "name": "Payaswini Saikia"
    },
    {
      "name": "W. Peter Maksym"
    },
    {
      "name": "Nico Cappelluti"
    },
    {
      "name": "Francesca Fornasini"
    },
    {
      "name": "Massimo Ricotti"
    },
    {
      "name": "Timothy Carleton"
    },
    {
      "name": "Seth H. Cohen"
    },
    {
      "name": "Rachel Honor"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jake Summers"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jordan C. J. D'Silva"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sibasish Laha"
    },
    {
      "name": "Dan Coe"
    },
    {
      "name": "Christopher J. Conselice"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jose M. Diego"
    },
    {
      "name": "Simon P. Driver"
    },
    {
      "name": "Brenda Frye"
    },
    {
      "name": "Norman A. Grogin"
    },
    {
      "name": "Madeline A. Marshall"
    },
    {
      "name": "Nor Pirzkal"
    },
    {
      "name": "Aaron Robotham"
    },
    {
      "name": "Russell E. Ryan Jr"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6yz6vesqr36cr.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2609.24963",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "6yz6vesqr36cr",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.24963",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "astro-ph.HE"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3103|Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7214035259",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.24963",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-21",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6yz6vesqr36cr.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:23:20Z",
      "native_id": "2609.24963",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.24963"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "astronomy",
      "origin": "arxiv:astro-ph.HE",
      "subfield": "high-energy-astrophysics"
    }
  ],
  "title": "PEARLS: NuSTAR and XMM-Newton Extragalactic Survey of the JWST North Ecliptic Pole Time-Domain Field IV: X-Ray Variability Analysis",
  "title_text": "PEARLS: NuSTAR and XMM-Newton Extragalactic Survey of the JWST North Ecliptic Pole Time-Domain Field IV: X-Ray Variability Analysis",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:23:20Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6yz6vesqr36cr",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}