{ "abstract": "Introduction: Accurate dietary intake assessment remains challenging, particularly for portion-size estimation, and context-specific photographic aids remain limited in Argentina. This study aimed to develop an open-access digital atlas of foods and recipes consumed in Argentina, integrating portion-size photographs and nutrient-composition data, and to describe its performance for food and recipe retrieval and visual portion-size matching under controlled direct-observation conditions. Methods: The Smart24Food atlas was developed as a digital resource integrating food photographs, standardized recipes, and nutrient-composition information. A controlled direct-observation study in a university setting included 108 participants, mostly young adults, completing 20 tasks: seven packaged-product selection tasks and 13 visual portion-matching tasks. Exact matching was analyzed using cross-classified logistic mixed-effects models, while weight-based performance was assessed using linear mixed-effects models and repeated-measures Bland–Altman analysis. Results: The atlas contains 3,273 photographs representing 998 distinct foods through 1,052 presentation-specific items, with nutrient-composition information for up to 53 components. Food or recipe retrieval was successful in 99.81% of tasks (2,156/2,160), and overall exact matching was 86.5% (1,869/2,160). Food-level heterogeneity was greater than participant-level heterogeneity, whereas food category and task type were not significantly associated with exact matching. Across 1,404 visual portion-matching observations, mean signed error was −1.34 g (95% CI: −4.68 to 2.00; p = 0.447), with no evidence that signed error varied systematically with served portion weight across the evaluated foods (B=−0.011 g/g; p = 0.703). The 95% Bland–Altman limits of agreement ranged from −33.44 to 30.76 g. Conclusions: The Smart24Food atlas is an open-access resource integrating photographic portion references with nutrient-composition information for foods and recipes consumed in Argentina. Under controlled direct-observation conditions, participants showed high retrieval and exact-match performance, with no evidence of systematic mean bias in visual portion matching. Further studies in more diverse populations and routine dietary-assessment contexts are needed.", "abstract_shown": true, "affiliations": [ "Interdisciplinary Center for Research in Health and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine (CIICSAC), Universidad Adventista del Plata, Libertador San Martín, Argentina", "Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Oro Verde, Argentina", "National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina", "Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences and Surveying, National University of NorthEast (UNNE), Corrientes, Argentina" ], "article_type": "Research Article", "arxiv": null, "author_total": 7, "authors": [ { "affs": [ 0 ], "name": "Ismael Alejandro Contreras-Guillén" }, { "affs": [ 1 ], "name": "Sara Leeson" }, { "affs": [ 2 ], "name": "Rocio Victoria Gili" }, { "affs": [ 3 ], "name": "Belén Carlino" }, { "name": "Emanuel Irrazabal" }, { "name": "Sandaly Oliveira da Silva Pacheco" }, { "name": "Fabio Juliano Pacheco" } ], "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6z42ray88bkqm.bib", "cited_by": 0, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0359331", "fulltext_url": null, "id": "6z42ray88bkqm", "issns": [ "1932-6203" ], "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0359331", "language": null, "licence": "CC-BY-4.0", "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0", "licence_source": "journal", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "metadata_licence": null, "native_subjects": [ [ "openalex", "2739|Nutritional Studies and Diet" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Neuroscience/Cognitive science/Cognitive psychology/Perception/Sensory perception/Vision" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Neuroscience/Sensory perception/Vision" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Nutrition" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Nutrition/Diet" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Nutrition/Diet/Food" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Nutrition/Diet/Food/Chocolate" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Nutrition/Nutrients" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Physiology/Physiological parameters/Body weight" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Psychology/Cognitive psychology/Perception/Sensory perception/Vision" ], [ "plos", "/Medicine and health sciences/Nutrition" ], [ "plos", "/Medicine and health sciences/Nutrition/Diet" ], [ "plos", "/Medicine and health sciences/Nutrition/Diet/Food" ], [ "plos", "/Medicine and health sciences/Nutrition/Diet/Food/Chocolate" ], [ "plos", "/Medicine and health sciences/Nutrition/Nutrients" ], [ "plos", "/Physical sciences/Chemistry/Chemical compounds/Organic compounds/Vitamins" ], [ "plos", "/Physical sciences/Chemistry/Organic chemistry/Organic compounds/Vitamins" ], [ "plos", "/Social sciences/Psychology/Cognitive psychology/Perception/Sensory perception/Vision" ] ], "openalex": "W7214279431", "pdf_url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0359331&type=printable", "pmcid": null, "pmid": null, "published": "2026-09-25", "publisher": "Public Library of Science", "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6z42ray88bkqm.ris", "sources": [ { "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:43Z", "native_id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0359331", "source": "plos", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0359331" } ], "subjects": [ { "field": "medicine", "origin": "plos:nutrition", "subfield": "nutrition" } ], "title": "Development of an open-access food atlas with nutrient composition and recipes in Argentina: The Smart24Food Atlas", "title_text": "Development of an open-access food atlas with nutrient composition and recipes in Argentina: The Smart24Food Atlas", "type": "peer-reviewed", "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:43Z", "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6z42ray88bkqm", "venue": "PLOS One", "versions": [] }