{
  "abstract": "An integrated online nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) workflow was established to characterize remaining oil mobilization in water-flooded heavy-oil porous media at the pore scale. NMR enabled quantitative tracking of oil-phase depletion across distinct pore-throat intervals via a transverse relaxation time (T2)–pore-throat radius conversion relationship, while micro-CT provided direct spatial and morphological identification of remaining oil. For the investigated cores, the power-law calibration provided better agreement with the mercury-intrusion pore-throat distributions than the linear counterpart. Core permeability, oil viscosity, and displacement velocity collectively govern the extent and location of remaining oil mobilization. With increasing permeability, the dominant mobilized pore-throat interval shifts from small–medium throats, 1–20 μm, to medium–large throats, 20–40 μm and above. CT-derived oil displacement efficiencies showed trends generally consistent with the NMR-based evaluation and further revealed that extended high-pore-volume water flooding and late-stage flow acceleration could still mobilize a portion of the remaining oil, albeit with diminishing incremental recovery. This integrated approach bridges the gap between pore-size-resolved quantification and three-dimensional spatial evidence, offering a robust framework for evaluating remaining-oil potential after prolonged water flooding in heavy-oil reservoirs.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "State Key Laboratory of Offshore Oil and Gas Exploitation , ,",
    "CNOOC Research Institute Ltd. , ,",
    "CNOOC (China) Tianjin Branch , ,",
    "COSL Oilfield Production Research Institute , ,"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Chen Liu",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8065-5917"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Ben Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Wensheng Zhou"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Shoucheng Liang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Yue Gao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Guorui Xu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Fei Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Xiaoxiao Li"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6z51b4d3v1g8k.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1021/acsomega.6c08334",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "6z51b4d3v1g8k",
  "issns": [
    "2470-1343"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://pubs.acs.org/acsodf/article/doi/10.1021/acsomega.6c08334/5460417/Pore-Scale-Remaining-Oil-Characterization-by",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2212|Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7224111312",
  "pdf_url": "https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsomega.6c08334",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-28",
  "publisher": "American Chemical Society (ACS)",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6z51b4d3v1g8k.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:40Z",
      "native_id": "10.1021/acsomega.6c08334",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://pubs.acs.org/acsodf/article/doi/10.1021/acsomega.6c08334/5460417/Pore-Scale-Remaining-Oil-Characterization-by"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "issn:2470-1343",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Pore-Scale Remaining Oil Characterization by Integrated Online NMR and Micro-CT",
  "title_text": "Pore-Scale Remaining Oil Characterization by Integrated Online NMR and Micro-CT",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:18:40Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6z51b4d3v1g8k",
  "venue": "ACS Omega",
  "versions": []
}