{
  "abstract": "Background and Aims: To examine the association between sugar‐sweetened beverage (SSB) intake and all‐cause mortality among U.S. adults with and without metabolic syndrome (MetS), and to identify potential nonlinear dose‐response relationships and high‐risk subpopulations.\n\nMethods: We analyzed data from 26,885 U.S. adults aged 20–79 years who participated in NHANES 2003–2018. MetS was defined based on the NCEP ATP III criteria. SSB intake was assessed using a single 24‐h dietary recall and quantified as total beverage weight (g/day), energy intake (kcal/day), and sugar intake (g/day). Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic splines were used to assess the association of SSB intake and mortality in MetS and non‐MetS groups.\n\nResults: Among 8,656 participants with MetS and 18,229 without, total weight and energy intake from SSBs showed non‐linear association with the risk of all‐cause mortality in the MetS participants (P non‐linear < 0.05), with inflection points of approximately 950 g/day and 90 kcal/day, respectively. Above this level, each standard deviation (SD) increment was associated with 14% (HR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.01–1.29) and 18% (HR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.08–1.30) higher mortality risk. For SSB‐derived sugar, the non‐linear trend missed statistical significance (p = 0.07), though risk nadir appeared at ~20 g/day, with subsequent SD increments linked to a 19% risk increase (HR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.09–1.30). No linear or non‐linear association was presented among individuals without MetS.\n\nConclusion: High SSB intake is associated with increased all‐cause mortality in adults with MetS, with nonlinear threshold effects.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Liver Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China",
    "Clinical Epidemiology and EBM Unit, Beijing Friendship Hospital Capital Medical University; Beijing Clinical Research Institute Beijing China"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Tingting Lv"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Xintian Ren"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Yanfang Tan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Min Li",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1163-8961"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6z8m1k8r6hrkz.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1002/hsr2.73438",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13698666/",
  "id": "6z8m1k8r6hrkz",
  "issns": [
    "2398-8835"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.73438",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Research"
    ],
    [
      "lcc",
      "R"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2712|Diet, Metabolism, and Disease"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223674824",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13698666?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13698666",
  "pmid": "42936033",
  "published": "2026-10-26",
  "publisher": "Wiley",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6z8m1k8r6hrkz.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:30Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13698666",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.73438"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:22:12Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42936033",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42936033"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T14:21:11Z",
      "native_id": "122a220823bd420983064480b5353977",
      "source": "doaj",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.73438"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2712|Diet, Metabolism, and Disease",
      "subfield": "endocrinology-metabolism"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Association Between Sugar‐Sweetened Beverage Consumption and All‐Cause Mortality in Individuals With and Without Metabolic Syndrome: A Prospective Cohort Study",
  "title_text": "Association Between Sugar‐Sweetened Beverage Consumption and All‐Cause Mortality in Individuals With and Without Metabolic Syndrome: A Prospective Cohort Study",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-31T14:21:11Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6z8m1k8r6hrkz",
  "venue": "Health Science Reports",
  "versions": []
}