{
  "abstract": "Ionizing radiation elicits complex and dynamic cellular responses that are not fully captured by conventional analytic approaches. Many existing assays typically rely on population-averaged measurements, require extensive and/or destructive sample preparation, or depend on exogenous contrast agents for single-cell analysis. Additionally, they often focus on isolated biomarkers rather than concurrent changes in key macromolecular constituents such as lipids and proteins. To address these limitations, we developed a label-free, multimodal nonlinear optical (NLO) imaging platform that integrates stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy at Raman shifts of 2850 cm⁻¹ and 2926 cm⁻¹ with two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) microscopy targeting reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) [NAD(P)H] and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). In foundational studies, we characterized the radiobiological effects of clinical X-ray doses (2–10 Gy) in human lung cancer A549 cells. Irradiated cells exhibited multiple quantifiable biomarkers that varied with radiation dose and post-irradiation time. These included changes in lipid and protein signals, differences in NAD(P)H and FAD intensities, higher lipid-to-protein ratios, enhanced optical redox ratio, enlarged cell and lipid droplet areas, and increased colocalization of lipid droplets with mitochondria. Collectively, these results establish NLO imaging as a sensitive and powerful modality for quantitatively assessing cellular responses to clinical doses of ionizing radiation.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Justin R. Gagnon"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ngoc Quang Vuong"
    },
    {
      "name": "Danicia Flores"
    },
    {
      "name": "Teresa Buragina"
    },
    {
      "name": "Edouard I. Azzam"
    },
    {
      "name": "Vinita Chauhan"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sangeeta Murugkar"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6zegbwtgxk3ns.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1038/s41598-026-73913-w",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "6zegbwtgxk3ns",
  "issns": [
    "2045-2322"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-73913-w",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1304|Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7220389919",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-73913-w_reference.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-05",
  "publisher": "Springer Science and Business Media LLC",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6zegbwtgxk3ns.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:22Z",
      "native_id": "10.1038/s41598-026-73913-w",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-73913-w"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:1304|Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research",
      "subfield": "biophysics"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Label-free multimodal nonlinear optical imaging reveals key biomarkers of cellular radiation response",
  "title_text": "Label-free multimodal nonlinear optical imaging reveals key biomarkers of cellular radiation response",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:22Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6zegbwtgxk3ns",
  "venue": "Scientific Reports",
  "versions": []
}