{
  "abstract": "We present a framework for systematic computations of scattering amplitudes for gravitational Raman scattering, -- the inelastic scattering of massless fields off compact relativistic objects. We focus on the small-frequency (post-Minkowskian, PM) regime relevant for the study of tidal effects, which can be mapped onto gravitational wave observables during the inspiraling phase of a merger. We demonstrate that this setup is ideal for systematic studies of tidal effects, in a way that is free from coordinate, gauge, and field redefinition ambiguities. We use a combination of worldline effective field theory, the background field method, and advanced scattering amplitude techniques to derive phase shifts for scattering of spin-$0,1,2$ fields off generic compact objects at third PM order. We demonstrate that the inclusion of the recoil of the object is crucial for consistency of this calculation. Focusing on a particular case of black holes, we extract the leading static and dynamical Love numbers of the spin-0 field and the static Love number of the spin-1 field in four dimensions by matching our EFT amplitudes and calculations in General Relativity. We show, fully on-shell, that the leading static Love numbers vanish identically, while the dynamical Love numbers are not zero and run logarithmically. The latter resolves the ambiguities of previous off-shell matching calculations. We also extend our results to seven dimensions, where spin-2 Love numbers undergo a renormalization group running at 2PM, which we compute explicitly. In addition, we extract the leading static Love numbers of spin-0 and spin-1 fields in five dimensions, which also run.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Mikhail M. Ivanov",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6745-984X"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yue-Zhou Li",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3982-4838"
    },
    {
      "name": "Julio Parra-Martinez",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0178-1569"
    },
    {
      "name": "Zihan Zhou"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6zx95nbvmpah2.bib",
  "cited_by": 20,
  "doi": "10.1103/rzbt-glhr",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "6zx95nbvmpah2",
  "issns": [
    "2160-3308"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/rzbt-glhr",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "3103|Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7214208562",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-24",
  "publisher": "American Physical Society",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6zx95nbvmpah2.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-07T13:20:45Z",
      "native_id": "W7214208562",
      "source": "openalex",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/rzbt-glhr"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "astronomy",
      "origin": "openalex:3103|Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research",
      "subfield": "high-energy-astrophysics"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Gravitational Raman scattering: A systematic toolkit for tidal effects in general relativity",
  "title_text": "Gravitational Raman scattering: A systematic toolkit for tidal effects in general relativity",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-09T13:21:03Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6zx95nbvmpah2",
  "venue": "Physical Review X",
  "versions": []
}