{
  "abstract": "Heavy metals, synthetic dyes, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and other persistent contaminants continue to challenge water-treatment systems and require adsorbents that combine high affinity, recoverability, and practical reusability. Iron oxide-grafted agro-waste-derived activated carbon (Fe-AC) composites integrate the porosity and surface chemistry of biomass-derived carbon with Fe₂O₃/Fe₃O₄-based binding, redox activity, and magnetic separation. This systematic review evaluates synthesis routes, physicochemical characterization, contaminant-specific adsorption mechanisms, regeneration behavior, and the available evidence on environmental and economic implications. Particular attention is given to differences between inorganic and organic pollutant removal, the molecular-level roles of Fe-OH/Fe-O sites and carbon-surface interactions, and the influence of pH, competing ions, natural organic matter, and experimental conditions on reported adsorption performance. The literature indicates strong laboratory-scale potential, but direct cross-study ranking of adsorption capacities is limited by heterogeneous test conditions. Major barriers to practical translation include iron leaching, loss of capacity during regeneration, matrix interference, limited continuous-flow and real-wastewater validation, and the absence of harmonized quantitative life-cycle and techno-economic assessments. These limitations define priorities for standardized benchmarking, mechanistic validation, long-term cycling, pilot-scale testing, and environmentally robust Fe-AC design.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "NIT Arunachal Pradesh India 791113 pratapphy200@gmail.com.",
    "CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology Jorhat Assam India 785006."
  ],
  "article_type": "review article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Bijoylakshmi Boruah",
      "orcid": "0009-0005-8324-7600"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Pratap Kumar Swain",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1424-5856"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Manash Ranjan Das",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6317-7933"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/708trdg5zyncn.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1039/d6ra07855a",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13636234",
  "id": "708trdg5zyncn",
  "issns": [
    "2046-2069"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42835549",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2312|Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7220410532",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13636234?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13636234",
  "pmid": "42835549",
  "published": "2026-10-05",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/708trdg5zyncn.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:10Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42835549",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42835549"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "earth",
      "origin": "openalex:2312|Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal",
      "subfield": "hydrology-soils"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Fe-AC nanocomposites derived from agro-waste biosorbents: a systematic review of synthesis routes, adsorption mechanisms, regeneration, and environmental sustainability.",
  "title_text": "Fe-AC nanocomposites derived from agro-waste biosorbents: a systematic review of synthesis routes, adsorption mechanisms, regeneration, and environmental sustainability.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:18:10Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/708trdg5zyncn",
  "venue": "RSC advances",
  "versions": []
}