{
  "abstract": "We evaluated structural and functional MRI at 3 T in five patients with an implanted EASEE focal cortex stimulation system and assessed MRI-only electrode reconstruction. Image quality was evaluated visually and by comparing implant-centered and control regions using structural GM/WM signal ratios, GE-EPI signal intensity, T2*, and relative off-resonance. A deep learning pipeline trained exclusively on synthetic data estimated electrode position from T1-weighted MPRAGE images. Structural and functional acquisitions were completed in all patients without scan-related adverse events. Structural images showed clear intracranial anatomy beneath the implant without visually apparent local signal loss or distortion. GE-EPI reference images and derived maps showed no consistent local disturbance corresponding to the electrode. GE-EPI signal was numerically lower in implant-centered regions, but no imaging metric differed significantly between regions (all p > 0.05). Electrode reconstructions were anatomically plausible in all patients, with patient-specific median central electrode-to-cortical gray-matter distances ranging from 9 to 20 mm. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of post-implantation structural and functional MRI and MRI-only estimation of electrode-cortex geometry, although localization accuracy remains unvalidated. This combination provides a basis for future studies integrating patient-specific electrode geometry, electric-field modeling, and functional connectivity analyses in focal cortex stimulation with the EASEE system.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Division of Medical Physics, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freib"
  ],
  "article_type": "PUBLISHAHEADOFPRINT",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 10,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "N. Schwaderlapp"
    },
    {
      "name": "A. Barghoorn"
    },
    {
      "name": "S. Kalousios"
    },
    {
      "name": "M. Duempelmann"
    },
    {
      "name": "E. Martinez-Lizana"
    },
    {
      "name": "N. Zabler"
    },
    {
      "name": "B. Steinhoff"
    },
    {
      "name": "V. Dinkelacker"
    },
    {
      "name": "M. Zaitsev"
    },
    {
      "name": "A. Schulze-Bonhage"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/709vn8c2gy9yw.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.64898/2026.10.27.26366576",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.27.26366576v1.full",
  "id": "709vn8c2gy9yw",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.27.26366576v1",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-ND",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "medrxiv",
      "epidemiology"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2741|Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7224096527",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.27.26366576v1.full.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-27",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/709vn8c2gy9yw.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:21:58Z",
      "native_id": "10.64898/2026.10.27.26366576",
      "source": "medrxiv",
      "url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.27.26366576v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "medrxiv:epidemiology",
      "subfield": "epidemiology-public-health"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Post-implantation 3-T MRI in patients with an epicranial stimulation device: image quality and deep learning-based electrode reconstruction",
  "title_text": "Post-implantation 3-T MRI in patients with an epicranial stimulation device: image quality and deep learning-based electrode reconstruction",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:21:58Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/709vn8c2gy9yw",
  "venue": "medRxiv",
  "versions": []
}