{
  "abstract": "Waterborne conductive inks for screen-printed planar microsupercapacitors (MSCs) must reconcile low-cost processing, print fidelity, electronic conduction, and electrochemical activity. Graphite/carbon black (CB) networks provide scalable conduction but limited charge storage, whereas excessive manganese dioxide (MnO2) can disrupt electron and ion pathways. Here, we identify a practical composition window, within the tested range, for a ternary few-layer graphite (F-GT)/CB/MnO2 ink prepared by high-speed dispersion and planetary ball milling. F-GT forms the long-range conductive scaffold, CB bridges interflake junctions, and MnO2 supplies pseudocapacitive sites without dominating the percolated carbon network. The optimized ink exhibited shear-thinning behavior and reproduced fine patterns on paper and PET. At an F-GT/CB/MnO2 mass ratio of 5:1:3, screen-printed MSCs with a PVA/LiCl gel electrolyte delivered 19.7 mF cm–2 and 9.95 F cm–3 and 1.34 F g–1 at 0.05 mA cm–2 and 2.73 μWh cm–2 at 0.025 mW cm–2. The devices retained 83.7% of their capacitance after 5000 charge–discharge cycles and 90.5% after 1000 bending cycles. Three series-connected devices operated at 3 V and powered a green light-emitting diode. These results show how MnO2 loading can add oxide-based charge storage while preserving a low-cost graphite-derived conductive framework for flexible printed energy storage.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Taiyuan University of Technology , , , ,",
    "Taiyuan University of Science and Technology , , , ,"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Wanggang Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Guohai Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Zixin Hao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yiming Liu",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8766-9318"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/70jzwfn2bf3c7.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1021/acsomega.6c08624",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "70jzwfn2bf3c7",
  "issns": [
    "2470-1343"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://pubs.acs.org/acsodf/article/doi/10.1021/acsomega.6c08624/5463998/Balancing-Carbon-Percolation-and-MnO2",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": "https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsomega.6c08624",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-11-04",
  "publisher": "American Chemical Society (ACS)",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/70jzwfn2bf3c7.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-05T00:20:52Z",
      "native_id": "10.1021/acsomega.6c08624",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://pubs.acs.org/acsodf/article/doi/10.1021/acsomega.6c08624/5463998/Balancing-Carbon-Percolation-and-MnO2"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "issn:2470-1343",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Balancing Carbon Percolation and MnO 2 Pseudocapacitance in a Few-Layer Graphite/Carbon Black Waterborne Ink for Screen-Printed Planar Microsupercapacitors",
  "title_text": "Balancing Carbon Percolation and MnO 2 Pseudocapacitance in a Few-Layer Graphite/Carbon Black Waterborne Ink for Screen-Printed Planar Microsupercapacitors",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-06T00:21:08Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/70jzwfn2bf3c7",
  "venue": "ACS Omega",
  "versions": []
}