{
  "abstract": "Introduction\n\nVietnam faces a severe teacher shortage (over 102,000 positions), partly due to low salaries and high work pressure. The 2024-2026 salary reform is intended to address these issues, but its association with teachers' professional attitudes remains underexplored.Methods\n\nThis study examines how salary satisfaction and working conditions relate to the professional attitudes of primary school teachers in Vietnam during the salary reform period. A cross-sectional survey of 357 public primary school teachers was conducted. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to test the associations between salary satisfaction, working conditions, actual income, fairness in salary policy, and professional attitudes.Results\n\nSalary satisfaction had the strongest positive association with professional attitudes (β = 0.631, p < 0.001). Working conditions also showed a positive association (β = 0.346, p =0.022); because working conditions were reverse-coded so that higher scores indicate more positive conditions, this finding indicates that teachers who report more positive working conditions tend to show more positive professional attitudes. Actual income (β = 0.038, p =0.818) and fairness in salary policy (β = -0.139, p =0.301) were not significantly associated with salary satisfaction, and neither was significantly associated with professional attitudes (all p >0.05).Discussion\n\nIn conclusion, salary satisfaction and working conditions were the two key correlates of professional attitudes in this sample. Policy implications may include increasing basic salaries, reconsidering the proposed abolition of seniority allowances, and improving working conditions in disadvantaged areas. Given the cross-sectional design, all findings are interpreted as associations rather than causal effects.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "School of Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China.",
    "Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui, China."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 2,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Thi Quynh Mai Le"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Yi Jiang Li"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/70w0ehrhtc2dh.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1862300",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13687287",
  "id": "70w0ehrhtc2dh",
  "issns": [
    "1664-1078"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42923012",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "3304|Teacher Professional Development and Motivation"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221013197",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13687287?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13687287",
  "pmid": "42923012",
  "published": "2026-10-07",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/70w0ehrhtc2dh.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:36Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42923012",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42923012"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [],
  "title": "How salary satisfaction and working conditions shape professional attitudes of primary school teachers in Vietnam: a structural equation modeling analysis during the 2024-2026 salary reform.",
  "title_text": "How salary satisfaction and working conditions shape professional attitudes of primary school teachers in Vietnam: a structural equation modeling analysis during the 2024-2026 salary reform.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:20:36Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/70w0ehrhtc2dh",
  "venue": "Frontiers in psychology",
  "versions": []
}