{
  "abstract": "Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy can induce tumor regression in solid malignancies, yet durable responses remain limited, highlighting the need for more effective cell products. Here, we generated a novel TIL product, PolarTIL, by polarizing murine and human TIL from cutaneous malignancies ex vivo with a defined Type-17 cytokine cocktail. Compared with conventional IL-2 culture, PolarTIL produced greater cell yields and a distinct cellular state marked by reduced CD4⁺ regulatory T cells, enrichment of CD103⁺ populations, and superior antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo . Unexpectedly, TGF-β1 emerged as a critical regulator of PolarTIL function. Although TGF-β is commonly targeted for inhibition in cancer immunotherapy, its removal during PolarTIL generation completely abolished therapeutic efficacy in vivo . Together, these findings reveal an unrecognized requirement for TGF-β1 in programming effective TIL responses and establish PolarTIL as a promising next-generation cellular therapy for solid tumors.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 14,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Megan Wyatt",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1316-260X"
    },
    {
      "name": "Rachel Mason"
    },
    {
      "name": "James Carmouche"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ayana Ruffin",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5837-5871"
    },
    {
      "name": "Megen Wittling",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3631-4955"
    },
    {
      "name": "Anna Cole"
    },
    {
      "name": "Aubrey Smith"
    },
    {
      "name": "Guillermo Rangel Rivera"
    },
    {
      "name": "Michael Ware"
    },
    {
      "name": "Michael Lowe",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4853-7352"
    },
    {
      "name": "Keith Delman"
    },
    {
      "name": "Nathaniel Wilson"
    },
    {
      "name": "Gregory B. Lesinski",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8787-7678"
    },
    {
      "name": "Chrystal Paulos",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0784-2601"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/71ywdfnecep0m.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.21203/rs.3.rs-11309475/v1",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13734257/",
  "id": "71ywdfnecep0m",
  "issns": [
    "2693-5015"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11309475/v1",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2730|CAR-T cell therapy research"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7224379155",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11309475/latest.pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13734257",
  "pmid": "42990798",
  "published": "2026-10-30",
  "publisher": "American Journal Experts",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/71ywdfnecep0m.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-08T12:23:53Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13734257",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11309475/v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2730|CAR-T cell therapy research",
      "subfield": "oncology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "PolarTIL programming reveals an essential role for TGF-β1 in antitumor memory in human cutaneous malignancies",
  "title_text": "PolarTIL programming reveals an essential role for TGF-β1 in antitumor memory in human cutaneous malignancies",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-08T12:23:53Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/71ywdfnecep0m",
  "venue": "Research Square",
  "versions": []
}