{
  "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Selective participation in research studies hampers researchers' ability to draw valid and generalizable inferences from analyses. Quantifying and adjusting for selective participation are desirable but can be challenging given the paucity of data for non-participants. METHODS: We used individual-level information from population registers to predict baseline and continued participation in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Inverse probability weights were computed from logistic regression models with elastic-net regularization. We predicted selective participation and attrition in 296 987 mothers, of whom 29% returned the first MoBa questionnaire and 12.5% returned a follow-up questionnaire 8 years later. To quantify bias, we computed sample characteristics and exposure-outcome associations in the target population and stratified samples. To compare approaches for adjusting for bias, we computed weighted sample estimates by using three sets of weights. RESULTS: Unweighted sample estimates were systematically different from target-population values, indicating bias due to selective participation. Baseline participation weights substantially reduced the impact of selection bias on mean values by 93% and associations by 75%. Attrition weights reduced attrition bias on mean values by 78% and associations by 50% but were less effective for reducing participation bias (22% and 14% respectively). CONCLUSION: In this sample, characteristics and effect estimates are substantially different from target-population values. Participation weights were relatively effective at reducing bias due to selective participation but attrition weights were not. Estimates from studies that use attrition weights may still contain non-negligible selection bias-particularly if the baseline sample is not representative of the target population. Future studies should prioritize opportunities for deriving sampling weights for participation as well as attrition.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London , London,",
    "PsychGen Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health , Oslo,",
    "Research Department, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital , Oslo,",
    "Division of Psychiatry, University College London , London,",
    "PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo , Oslo,",
    "Centre for Research on Equality in Education, University of Oslo , Oslo,",
    "Department for Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health , Oslo,"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Christopher Rayner",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2950-343X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Laurie J. Hannigan",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3123-5411"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Isabella Badini",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3959-5908"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Perline Demange",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7061-8354"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Sverre Berg Ofstad",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2399-8788"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5,
        6,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Eivind Ystrøm",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4390-6171"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Tom A. McAdams",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6825-3499"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/72wvv6x43q5d2.bib",
  "cited_by": 6,
  "doi": "10.1093/ije/dyag122",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "72wvv6x43q5d2",
  "issns": [
    "0300-5771",
    "1464-3685"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyag122",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2613|Statistical Methods in Epidemiology"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W4410201116",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": "PMC13401474",
  "pmid": "42501752",
  "published": "2026-06-24",
  "publisher": "Oxford University Press",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/72wvv6x43q5d2.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:17Z",
      "native_id": "W4410201116",
      "source": "openalex",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyag122"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "mathematics",
      "origin": "openalex:2613|Statistical Methods in Epidemiology",
      "subfield": "statistics"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Quantifying and adjusting for selection biases in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study using population-wide individual-level registry information",
  "title_text": "Quantifying and adjusting for selection biases in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study using population-wide individual-level registry information",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-06T13:20:22Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/72wvv6x43q5d2",
  "venue": "International Journal of Epidemiology",
  "versions": []
}