{
  "abstract": "Li Xu, Ruochen Pan, Xinyu Dai, Aijun Xu Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Aijun Xu, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 027 83663173, Email ajxu@tjh.tjmu.edu.cnBackground: This double-blind, randomized controlled trial evaluated whether ciprofol is non-inferior to propofol as the primary agent for total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) in pediatric laparoscopic surgery, with respect to extubation time and safety profile.Methods: Children aged 2– 12 years (ASA I–II) undergoing laparoscopic surgery were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either ciprofol or propofol for TIVA. The primary outcome was time to extubation, with a predefined non-inferiority margin (Δ) of 4.8 minutes. Secondary outcomes included recovery metrics, emergence delirium, pain scores, hemodynamic profiles, and safety indicators.Results: A total of 86 children (43 per group) were enrolled. Extubation time was 17.3± 4.9 min in the ciprofol group and 20.1± 4.9 min in the propofol group (mean difference, – 2.79 min; 95% CI, – 4.9 to – 0.7). The upper bound of the 95% CI (– 0.73 min) was well below the non-inferiority margin of 4.8 min, confirming non-inferiority (one-sided P < 0.0001). Anesthesia and surgery times, recovery metrics, and pain scores did not differ significantly between groups. The incidence of emergence delirium was similar (7.0% vs 2.3%, P=0.616). In exploratory analyses, individuals in the ciprofol group seemed to have overall higher systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure than those in the propofol group, while heart rate did not differ between the two groups.Conclusion: Ciprofol was non-inferior to propofol for extubation time in pediatric TIVA for laparoscopic surgery. Although exploratory analyses suggested potential favorable hemodynamic trends, larger multicenter studies are needed to evaluate comparative safety and clinical relevance.Plain Language Summary: Why was this study done?Propofol is a common anesthetic for total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) in children, but it is associated with injection pain, hemodynamic instability, and respiratory depression during induction. Ciprofol is a newer anesthetic drug. We wanted to find out if ciprofol works as well as propofol for children in laparoscopic surgery.What did we do and find?We randomly assigned 86 children aged 2 to 12 years to receive either ciprofol or propofol. We found that children who received ciprofol met our predefined criteria to be considered “not worse than” propofol in terms of how quickly the breathing tube could be removed. Both groups recovered similarly, felt similar amounts of pain, and had similar rates of confusion when waking up. Neither group experienced nausea or vomiting after surgery, and serious side effects were rare in both groups.What do these results mean?For children having short laparoscopic surgery, ciprofol performed as well as propofol regarding how quickly the breathing tube could be removed. However, because this was a small, single-center study, larger studies in more hospitals are still needed to confirm these results and check safety in different groups of children.Keywords: ciprofol, total intravenous anaesthesia, TIVA, laparoscopic surgery, children, propofol",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xu L"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Pan R"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Dai X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xu A"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/73avpvxyf80qw.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": null,
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.dovepress.com/ciprofol-based-total-intravenous-anesthesia-during-pediatric-laparosco-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-DDDT",
  "id": "73avpvxyf80qw",
  "issns": [
    "1177-8881"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.dovepress.com/ciprofol-based-total-intravenous-anesthesia-during-pediatric-laparosco-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-DDDT",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "RM1-950"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-11-08",
  "publisher": "Dove Medical Press",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/73avpvxyf80qw.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-09T14:21:26Z",
      "native_id": "4ea9c09d045d4cd5ba14defc09bfd897",
      "source": "doaj",
      "url": "https://www.dovepress.com/ciprofol-based-total-intravenous-anesthesia-during-pediatric-laparosco-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-DDDT"
    }
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "lcc:RM1-950",
      "subfield": "pharmacology-toxicology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Ciprofol-Based Total Intravenous Anesthesia During Pediatric Laparoscopic Surgery: A Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled, Non-Inferiority Clinical Trial",
  "title_text": "Ciprofol-Based Total Intravenous Anesthesia During Pediatric Laparoscopic Surgery: A Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled, Non-Inferiority Clinical Trial",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-09T14:21:26Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/73avpvxyf80qw",
  "venue": "Drug Design, Development and Therapy",
  "versions": []
}