{
  "abstract": "The 2024 World Health Organization (WHO) Bacterial Priority Pathogens List (BPPL) updates the 2017 framework by expanding to 24 pathogens across 15 bacterial families, addressing the growing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) crisis, which was estimated to have caused 1.27 million deaths in 2019. The revised list introduces four new pathogen-antibiotic combinations—rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis, macrolide-resistant Group A Streptococci, macrolide-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, and penicillin-resistant Group B Streptococci—while removing five, including clarithromycin-resistant Helicobacter pylori, reflecting evolving resistance patterns, regional disparities, and therapeutic advancements. Notably, third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales is now a standalone critical-priority pathogen due to its high burden in low- and middle-income countries. This review examines these updates, driven by complex resistance mechanisms, surveillance gaps, and the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related antibiotic misuse. It highlights trends such as the dominance of Gram-negative bacteria, rising rates of community-acquired infections, and the urgent need for innovative therapies, including phage therapy, phenazine-based antimicrobials, and metal-based strategies. Enhanced global surveillance, equitable access to treatments, and collaborative efforts are critical to combating AMR effectively.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Center for Microbiome Research of Med-X Institute, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Sepsis in Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China",
    "The Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Disease of Ministry of Education Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China",
    "Key Laboratory of Multiple Organ Failure (Ministry of Education), Departments of Microbiology and General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China"
  ],
  "article_type": "review article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Zhenlin Ouyang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Wenbo He"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Xiaoyu He"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Min Jiao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Youjun Feng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yurong Wen"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/73cm2qfpqv8k9.bib",
  "cited_by": 1,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.bsheal.2026.07.004",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13729071/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "73cm2qfpqv8k9",
  "issns": [
    "2590-0536",
    "2096-6962"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13729071",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Review Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2725|Antibiotic Use and Resistance"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7169832033",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13729071/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13729071",
  "pmid": "42979016",
  "published": "2026-07-21",
  "publisher": "Elsevier",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/73cm2qfpqv8k9.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T15:20:47Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13729071",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13729071"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-07T12:21:54Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13729071",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bsheal.2026.07.004"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2725|Antibiotic Use and Resistance",
      "subfield": "infectious-disease"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Evolving priorities in the WHO Bacterial Priority Pathogens List",
  "title_text": "Evolving priorities in the WHO Bacterial Priority Pathogens List",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-07T12:21:54Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/73cm2qfpqv8k9",
  "venue": "Biosafety and health",
  "versions": []
}