{
  "abstract": "BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the cost of the vaccine-preventable diseases (VPD) surveillance system in Ethiopia to inform budgeting for disease detection, prevention, and control, and planning for transitions from donor funding. METHODS: This cross-sectional retrospective, bottom-up micro-costing study collected data on resource utilization to conduct VPD surveillance during one fiscal year (2018-2019) in Ethiopia. The study covered 16 VPDs and costs from the government and partners perspective. RESULTS: The estimated economic costs of VPD surveillance in Ethiopia were US$69.11 million or US$0.70 per capita, while financial costs were US$26.83 million or US$0.27 per capita. The largest economic cost was for labor (41.0%) and the largest financial cost was for supplies (36.9%). Resources were mostly allocated to integrated, general disease surveillance (economic: 54.6%; financial: 50.7%), followed by surveillance for measles and rubella (economic: 15.9%; financial: 22.5%) and polio (economic: 12.4%; financial: 15.7%). The main funder was the Ethiopian Ministry of Health (economic: 78.8%; financial 62.6%), including donor resources channeled through the ministry. CONCLUSIONS: Human resources were primary drivers of economic costs. Although the Ethiopian VPD surveillance system uses shared resources across multiple VPDs, resulting in scale efficiencies, and the Ethiopian government covers most of its economic costs, a substantial portion relies on direct external donor support.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Global Immunization Division, Global Health Center, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, Georgia, 30329, USA",
    "Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI), Gulelle Arbegnoch Street, Gulele Sub-City, Near Pasteur Square, P.O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia",
    "Present address: Office of the Regional Director, World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa (WHO/AFRO), Brazzaville, M6V4+MMV, Republic of the Congo",
    "Global One Health LLC, The Ohio State University, Bole Road, Noah Plaza Building, 2nd Floor, Bole Sub-City, District-03, Addis Ababa, 1000, Ethiopia",
    "Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Global One Health initiative, The Ohio State University, N-1137 Doan Hall, 410 West 10th Ave, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA",
    "Present address: School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1600 Medical Center Dr., Huntington, West Virginia, 25701, USA",
    "World Health Organization, Ethiopia Country Office, UNECA Compound, Zambezi Building, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia",
    "Present address: World Health Organization, Nigeria Country Office, 4th Floor, UN House | Plot 617/618 Diplomatic Drive, Central Business District, Abuja, Nigeria",
    "Present address: Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC), Ring Road, 16/17, Haile Garment Lafto Square, Nifas Silk-Lafto Sub City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia",
    "Division of Global Health Protection, Global Health Center, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Entoto Street, District 06, Addis Ababa, 1014, Ethiopia",
    "Vaccine Preventable Diseases Program, World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa (WHO/AFRO), Brazzaville, BP 06, Republic of the Congo",
    "Present address: WHO Collaborating Centre, Diarrhoea Pathogens Research Unit (DPRU), Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Molotlegi Street, Ga-Rankuwa, Pretoria, South Africa & Kenya Institute of Primate Research, End of Karen Road, Nairobi, Kenya",
    "Immunization, Vaccines, and Biologicals Department, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, CH-1211, Geneva 27, Switzerland",
    "Present address: Project HOPE, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"
  ],
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  "author_total": 23,
  "authors": [
    {
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        0
      ],
      "name": "Nelly Mejia",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3406-9298"
    },
    {
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        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Aschalew Abayneh Workineh"
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    {
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        3
      ],
      "name": "Eden Dagnachew Zeleke"
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    {
      "affs": [
        1
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      "name": "Senait Alemayehu Beshah"
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    {
      "affs": [
        0
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      "name": "Roopa Darwar",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2622-2026"
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    {
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        1
      ],
      "name": "Mesfin Wossen"
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    {
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        1
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      "name": "Mikias Alayu"
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    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Leuel Lisanwork"
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    {
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        4,
        5
      ],
      "name": "Getnet Yimer"
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    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Kassech Sintayehu Molla"
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    {
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        6,
        7
      ],
      "name": "Eshetu Wassie Asemahaegne"
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    {
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        8
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      "name": "Zewdu Assefa Edea"
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      "name": "Yohannes Dugasa"
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    {
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      "name": "Esete Assefa"
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      "name": "Frehywot Eshetu Gebresilassie"
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    {
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      "name": "Qian An"
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    {
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      "name": "Benjamin A. Dahl"
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      "name": "Anagha Loharikar"
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      "name": "Jason M. Mwenda"
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      "name": "Shu-Hua Wang"
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      "name": "Anindya Sekhar Bose"
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        13
      ],
      "name": "Ebba Abate"
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    {
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        0
      ],
      "name": "Sarah Wood Pallas"
    }
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  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/73dpjeg86p3ty.bib",
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  "doi": "10.1093/pubmed/fdag056",
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  "title": "Cost analysis of vaccine-preventable diseases surveillance in Ethiopia",
  "title_text": "Cost analysis of vaccine-preventable diseases surveillance in Ethiopia",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-09T12:23:12Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/73dpjeg86p3ty",
  "venue": "Journal of public health (Oxford, England)",
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