{
  "abstract": "FINDING: Icosahedral symmetry (A5) bridges viral capsid architecture and quasicrystalline 5-fold tilings, unifying biological self-assembly with non-periodic geometric order. | MATH: Icosahedral rotation group A5 (order 60, simple); Caspar-Klug triangulation number T = h² + hk + k² (h,k ≥ 0 integers); Viral Tiling Theory extends CK to pentamer-only capsids via Penrose-like local rules; Quasicrystals: 5-fold diffraction forbidden by crystallographic restriction theorem (periodic lattices allow only 1,2,3,4,6-fold rotations) — yet observed, requiring aperiodic order (Penrose tilings, 2D inflation rules). | CONNECTION: Golden ratio φ = (1+√5)/2 ≈ 1.618 appears intrinsically in icosahedron vertex coordinates (0, ±1, ±φ); Penrose tiling inflation factor is φ² = 2.618; related ratios: 1/φ = 0.618, 1/φ² = 0.382, √(1/φ) ≈ 0.786; A5 is the symmetry of both icosahedron and 3D Penrose/quasicrystal point groups (e.g., Al-Cu-Fe, Al-Pd-Mn); 2-3-5 axes correspond to the three distinct conjugacy class\n\nAuthor: Andrew Stewart Caldin, Independent Researcher, UK. Part of the E8 Intelligence Research series. Platform: e8intelligence.com",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Independent Researcher, United Kingdom"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 1,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Andrew Stewart Caldin"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/73wt1b0pbqv15.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.23635603",
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  "id": "73wt1b0pbqv15",
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  "landing_url": "https://zenodo.org/records/23635603",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
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  "published": "2026-10-25",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/73wt1b0pbqv15.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-08T12:21:52Z",
      "native_id": "23635603",
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      "url": "https://zenodo.org/records/23635603"
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  "subjects": [],
  "title": "Icosahedral Symmetry Unifies Viral Capsids and Quasicrystalline 5-Fold Tilings — E8 Intelligence Research",
  "title_text": "Icosahedral Symmetry Unifies Viral Capsids and Quasicrystalline 5-Fold Tilings — E8 Intelligence Research",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-08T12:21:52Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/73wt1b0pbqv15",
  "venue": "Zenodo",
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}