{
  "abstract": "This review provides a comprehensive overview of the structural characteristics, nomenclature, and biological activities of naturally occurring capnosane diterpenoids (3,7-cyclized cembranoids) reported from 1986 to 2025. The compounds covered in this survey have been isolated primarily from octocorals of the genera Alcyonium, Cespitularia, Klyxum, Lobophytum, Sarcophyton, and Sclerophytum, as well as from the tobacco species Nicotiana tabacum. A number of these naturally derived metabolites have demonstrated noteworthy biomedical potential in various biological evaluations.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan",
    "Department of Family Medicine, Zuoying Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813204, Taiwan",
    "Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung 912009, Taiwan",
    "Department of Food Science, National Quemoy University, Kinmen 892009, Taiwan",
    "Department of Marine Biotechnology & Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan",
    "National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Pingtung 944401, Taiwan",
    "X-Ray Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan",
    "Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106344, Taiwan",
    "Department of Cosmetics and Fashion Styling, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833301, Taiwan",
    "Department of Beauty Science, Meiho University, Pingtung 912009, Taiwan",
    "School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan",
    "Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404394, Taiwan",
    "Ph.D. Program in Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan",
    "Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974301, Taiwan",
    "School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan",
    "Institute of Marine Ecology and Conservation, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 13,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Szu-Yin Yu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Yi-Hao Lo",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6586-8976"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Wei-Chiung Chi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4,
        5
      ],
      "name": "Yue-Wen Chuang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4,
        5
      ],
      "name": "Yun-Ting Zeng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Li-Guo Zheng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Su-Ying Chien",
      "orcid": "0009-0008-0931-3149"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Hsi-Wen Sun",
      "orcid": "0009-0001-2636-983X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Yueh-Wen Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Kuang-Nan Tsai"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4,
        5
      ],
      "name": "Zhi-Hong Wen",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4411-044X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        10
      ],
      "name": "Yu-Chi Tsai",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3131-207X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        4,
        5,
        11,
        12,
        13,
        14,
        15
      ],
      "name": "Ping-Jyun Sung",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6644-9236"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7438wjday06kh.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/ijms27219808",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "7438wjday06kh",
  "issns": [
    "1422-0067"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/21/9808",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-11-01",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7438wjday06kh.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-05T00:20:58Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/ijms27219808",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/21/9808"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "issn:1422-0067",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Natural Capnosanes: Chemical Structures and Bioactivities",
  "title_text": "Natural Capnosanes: Chemical Structures and Bioactivities",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-06T00:21:14Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7438wjday06kh",
  "venue": "International Journal of Molecular Sciences",
  "versions": []
}