{
  "abstract": "In the past decade, the public in Europe has become more concerned about climate change and expresses stronger proenvironmental policy preferences. Based on data from the European Social Survey (2012–2022, 25 countries), we show that the increased exposure to temperature extremes has contributed to the observed changes in climate change attitudes and electoral support for environmentalist policy platforms. For each additional degree of excess temperature experienced during warm spells measured over the previous 12 mo, we find that the probabilities of being worried about climate change, of feeling responsible for climate change, and of voting for Green parties and Green coalitions increase by 4.0 [CI95: 2.5, 5.5], 2.5 [CI95: 1.1, 3.9], and 2.8 [CI95: 0.9, 3.7] percentage points respectively. We also document significant heterogeneity across individuals, based on gender and education, particularly between highly educated women and low-educated men. While the latter group consistently exhibits the lowest proenvironmental attitudes and voting, it is this group that shows the strongest increases when exposed to temperature extremes, converging toward the levels of their more educated counterparts. Further regional heterogeneity analyses reveal that the effects of warm temperature extremes are smaller in less prosperous or economically disadvantaged regions, as well as in regions with greenhouse gas emission levels above the median. The findings suggest a nuanced interplay between individual factors and contextual influences in shaping climate attitudes of European citizens and their motivations or reservations toward greater climate action.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Economics, Management and Quantitative Methods, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy",
    "Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg 90748, Germany",
    "International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Population and Just Societies, Laxenburg 2361, Austria",
    "Department of Statistical Sciences “Paolo Fortunati”, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy",
    "Department of Social and Political Sciences, Bocconi University, Milan 20136, Italy",
    "Yale-NUS, Singapore 138527, Singapore"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jacopo Bassetto"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Roman Hoffmann",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3512-1737"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Raya Muttarak",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0627-4451"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Jonas Peisker"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4,
        5
      ],
      "name": "Piero Stanig",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7430-2421"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/745c991yeh2qd.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1073/pnas.2321153122",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13732222/",
  "id": "745c991yeh2qd",
  "issns": [
    "0027-8424",
    "1091-6490"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2321153122",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "432"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "572"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Social Sciences"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3312|Climate Change Communication and Perception"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7217293234",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": "PMC13732222",
  "pmid": "42932662",
  "published": "2026-10-26",
  "publisher": "National Academy of Sciences",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/745c991yeh2qd.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-08T12:22:14Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13732222",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2321153122"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "journal-openalex:1312|Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics",
      "subfield": "molecular-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Heterogeneous impacts of temperature extremes on climate attitudes and Green voting",
  "title_text": "Heterogeneous impacts of temperature extremes on climate attitudes and Green voting",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-08T12:22:14Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/745c991yeh2qd",
  "venue": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America",
  "versions": []
}