{
  "abstract": "Introduction\n\nNon-invasive tools are recommended to identify individuals at high risk of type 2 diabetes. Agreement between validated models is unclear. This study assessed agreement between four risk-assessment models among adults attending health posts in Kerman, Iran.Methods\n\nIn this cross-sectional study, 430 adults aged≥30 years attending health posts in Kerman, Iran, were selected by multistage random sampling. Data collected by interview and examination were used to calculate FINDRISC, ModAsian FINDRISC, ADA, and AUSDRISK risk scores. Agreement was assessed with Cohen's kappa; logistic regression identified correlates of discordant classification.Results\n\nAgreement between AUSDRISK and ADA was poor (kappa=-0.06, 95% CI -0.07 to -0.05, P<0.001); 45.1% were high-risk by AUSDRISK but low-risk by ADA. Discordant high-risk individuals were younger, with higher BMI and waist circumference, lower physical activity, lower fruit/vegetable intake, and more hyperglycaemia. Waist circumference, male sex, and employment independently predicted discordance. Agreement between FINDRISC and ModAsian FINDRISC was moderate (kappa=0.536, 95% CI 0.48-0.60, P<0.001); 65.3% were classified into the same category by both tools, with most discordance reflecting ModAsian FINDRISC assigning a higher category than FINDRISC. Male sex was the strongest independent predictor of discordance between these two tools; BMI and low socioeconomic status were not statistically significant.Conclusion\n\nAgreement between these tools was poor to moderate and varied by demographic context, indicating a need for population-based calibration. As no glycaemic outcome was measured, this study cannot establish predictive accuracy; prospective validation and calibration studies are needed to determine the most appropriate model.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.",
    "Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.",
    "Department of Community Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Mohsen Momeni",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9513-3046"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Paria Dehesh",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5061-9448"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Mehrdad Askarian",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4163-7414"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Mina Danaei",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6352-9599"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/74t4jk9n4hgyc.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.34172/hpp.45086",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13723382",
  "id": "74t4jk9n4hgyc",
  "issns": [
    "2228-6497"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42968736",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2712|Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7224105783",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13723382?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13723382",
  "pmid": "42968736",
  "published": "2026-08-21",
  "publisher": "Tabriz University of Medical Sciences",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/74t4jk9n4hgyc.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-03T15:20:53Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42968736",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42968736"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T12:22:01Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13723382",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.34172/hpp.45086"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2712|Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins",
      "subfield": "endocrinology-metabolism"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Agreement Between Non-Invasive Type 2 Diabetes Risk Assessment Models and Associated Demographic and Socioeconomic Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study in Iranian Adults.",
  "title_text": "Agreement Between Non-Invasive Type 2 Diabetes Risk Assessment Models and Associated Demographic and Socioeconomic Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study in Iranian Adults.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-05T12:20:13Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/74t4jk9n4hgyc",
  "venue": "Health promotion perspectives",
  "versions": []
}