{ "abstract": "Relativistic jets from supermassive black holes in active galactic nuclei are amongst the most powerful phenomena in the universe. Similar jets from stellar-mass black holes offer a chance to study the phenomena on accessible observation time scales. However, such comparative studies across black hole masses and time scales remain hampered by the long-standing perception that stellar-mass black hole jets are in a less relativistic regime. Here, we show the detection of two distinct, relativistic jet ejections from the Galactic black hole X-ray binary 4U 1543−47 during a single outburst, with radio interferometry monitoring observations. Our measurements reveal a likely Lorentz factor of approximately 8 and a minimum of 4.6 at launch with 95% confidence, demonstrating that stellar-mass black holes in X-ray binaries can launch jets as relativistic as those seen in active galactic nuclei. Relativistic jets launched from stellar-mass black holes (BHs) in our galaxy have been observed in less relativistic regime than those seen in the extra-galactic supermassive BHs named active galactic nucleus (AGN). Here, the authors show two relativistic jets from galactic BH X-ray binary 4U 1543−47, which are comparable to those seen in AGN.", "abstract_shown": true, "affiliations": [ "College of Physics, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China", "Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China", "University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China", "Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. wenfei@shao.ac.cn", "Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK", "INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Monte Porzio Catone, Italy", "Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. rob.fender@physics.ox.ac.uk", "INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Merate, Italy", "International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research-Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia", "INAF, Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, Palermo, Italy", "Université Paris-Cité, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, AIM, Gif-sur-Yvette, France", "AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112) - Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM - UMR 7158 - UMR E 9005, ex 'Astrophysique Interactions Multi-échelles', Service d'astrophysique, CEA/Saclay, Orme des Merisiers F-91191 GIF SUR YVETTE CEDEX - France)", "Department of Astronomy, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa", "ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands", "Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands", "School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK", "Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada", "Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands", "Department of Astronomy, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA" ], "article_type": null, "arxiv": null, "author_total": 18, "authors": [ { "affs": [ 0, 1, 2 ], "name": "X. Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0002-8086-4049" }, { "affs": [ 3 ], "name": "Wenfei Yu", "orcid": "0000-0002-3844-9677" }, { "affs": [ 4, 5 ], "name": "Francesco Carotenuto", "orcid": "0000-0002-0426-3276" }, { "affs": [ 6 ], "name": "Rob P. Fender", "orcid": "0000-0002-5654-2744" }, { "affs": [ 7 ], "name": "S. Motta", "orcid": "0000-0002-6154-5843" }, { "affs": [ 8 ], "name": "Arash Bahramian", "orcid": "0000-0003-2506-6041" }, { "affs": [ 8 ], "name": "J. C. A. Miller-Jones", "orcid": "0000-0003-3124-2814" }, { "affs": [ 9 ], "name": "T. D. Russell" }, { "affs": [ 10, 11 ], "name": "Stéphane Corbel", "orcid": "0000-0001-5538-5831" }, { "affs": [ 12 ], "name": "P. A. Woudt" }, { "affs": [ 13, 14 ], "name": "P. Atri", "orcid": "0000-0001-8125-5619" }, { "affs": [ 15 ], "name": "C. Knigge", "orcid": "0000-0002-1116-2553" }, { "affs": [ 16 ], "name": "G. R. Sivakoff" }, { "affs": [ 4, 16 ], "name": "A. K. Hughes" }, { "affs": [ 17 ], "name": "J. van den Eijnden", "orcid": "0000-0002-5686-0611" }, { "affs": [ 4 ], "name": "J. H. Matthews", "orcid": "0000-0002-3493-7737" }, { "affs": [ 7 ], "name": "M. C. Baglio" }, { "affs": [ 18 ], "name": "P. Saikia" } ], "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/769s5dh7g5pqm.bib", "cited_by": 8, "doi": "10.1038/s41467-026-72897-5", "fulltext_url": null, "id": "769s5dh7g5pqm", "issns": [ "2041-1723" ], "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-72897-5", "language": "en", "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND", "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND", "licence_source": "journal", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/", "metadata_licence": null, "native_subjects": [ [ "openalex", "3103|Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations" ] ], "openalex": "W4414846749", "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-026-72897-5.pdf", "pmcid": "PMC13376174", "pmid": "42140906", "published": "2026-05-15", "publisher": "Nature Portfolio", "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/769s5dh7g5pqm.ris", "sources": [ { "first_seen": "2026-10-31T13:20:41Z", "native_id": "W4414846749", "source": "openalex", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-72897-5" } ], "subjects": [ { "field": "astronomy", "origin": "openalex:3103|Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations", "subfield": "general" } ], "title": "Jets from a stellar-mass black hole are as relativistic as those from supermassive black holes", "title_text": "Jets from a stellar-mass black hole are as relativistic as those from supermassive black holes", "type": "peer-reviewed", "updated_at": "2026-11-06T13:20:25Z", "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/769s5dh7g5pqm", "venue": "Nature Communications", "versions": [] }