{
  "abstract": "Introduction: Cognitive impairment is a major global health challenge. However, whether sex and age interactively varies the association between insulin resistance and cognitive impairment remains unclear. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the association between insulin resistance and cognitive impairment and identify sex- and age-specific interactions in community-dwelling adults.\n\nMethods: The study involved 3,898 participants (aged 54–86 years) from the Ansan-Ansung cohort of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (2017–2018). Insulin resistance was assessed via Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), with participants dichotomized by the median (1.97). Cognitive impairment was defined as a score of ≤23 on the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination score. Multivariable logistic regression was applied to examine the interaction and stratified effects of sex and age (≥65 vs. <65 years) on the insulin resistance–cognitive impairment association.\n\nResults: Among 3,898 participants (mean age 66.6 years; 55.5% women), 635 (16.3%) had cognitive impairment. A significant interaction was observed between sex and HOMA-IR (p = 0.04), whereas the interaction for age was not significant (p = 0.17). In stratified analyses, higher HOMA-IR was significantly associated with cognitive impairment exclusively in women aged ≥65 years (OR 1.37; 95% CI 1.02–1.84; p = 0.04).\n\nConclusion: Higher insulin resistance is a significant modifiable factor for cognitive impairment, specifically in women aged ≥65 years. These exploratory findings suggest potential sex-related differences in the metabolic-cognitive association, underscoring the importance of sex-specific metabolic management starting from midlife to help preserve cognitive health in later life.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Division of Population Health Research, Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health , , ,",
    "Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine , ,"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jung Sook Kim"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Byung Chul Chun"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Joong-Yeon Lim"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/76sfjshbtr0cy.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fnagi.2026.1889416",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13719425/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "76sfjshbtr0cy",
  "issns": [
    "1663-4365"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13719425",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Research"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2738|Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7222705621",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13719425/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13719425",
  "pmid": "42964071",
  "published": "2026-10-16",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/76sfjshbtr0cy.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T12:21:36Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13719425",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13719425"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-02T12:23:23Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13719425",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2026.1889416"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2738|Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research",
      "subfield": "psychiatry"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Interaction of sex and insulin resistance with cognitive impairment in community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults",
  "title_text": "Interaction of sex and insulin resistance with cognitive impairment in community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-03T12:20:29Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/76sfjshbtr0cy",
  "venue": "Frontiers in aging neuroscience",
  "versions": []
}