{
  "abstract": "This two-year study (2023-2024) conducted in Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, investigated Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) strategies to optimize the economic performance of medium-density Dashehari mango. Ten treatment combinations were evaluated using a factorial randomized block design, varying the Recommended Fertilizer Dose (RDF) from 100% down to 25% in combination with diverse soil and foliar micronutrient application methods. The research focused on assessing fruit yield, net income, and the benefit-cost (B:C) ratio. Findings revealed that applying 75% RDF combined with two foliar micronutrient sprays (without soil application) was the superior treatment, producing the maximum fruit yield (22.68 t ha⁻1), the highest net income (508.88 × 103 INR ha⁻1), and a peak B:C ratio of 2.96. In comparison, the 100% RDF control achieved a significantly lower B:C ratio of 1.84. Pearson correlation analysis confirmed a strong positive relationship between net income and the B:C ratio (r = 0.868, P < 0.001). Furthermore, Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) demonstrated that the B:C ratio explained 98.9% of the variance in net income and identified that group culture and quality of experience positively moderated the relationship between the B:C ratio and fruit yield. The results indicate that reducing fertilizer input to 75% and utilizing targeted foliar micronutrient delivery is a profitable, sustainable, and resource-efficient management strategy for subtropical mango orchards, effectively reducing chemical fertilizer dependency while maintaining high productivity.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology",
    "Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, GLA University",
    "Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology",
    "Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology",
    "Department of Plant Physiology, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology",
    "Department of Soil Science, DSB Campus, Kumaun University"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Kuldeep"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ashok Kumar Singh"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Mohammad Yaseen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Amit Bhatnagar"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Omveer Singh"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Satya Pratap Pachauri"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Shailesh Chandra Shankhdhar"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Manoj Kumar Bhatt"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/77fhs27sjvfm6.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1038/s41598-026-64943-5",
  "fulltext_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-64943-5",
  "id": "77fhs27sjvfm6",
  "issns": [
    "2045-2322"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-64943-5",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "Q"
    ],
    [
      "lcc",
      "R"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1111|Agricultural Science and Fertilization"
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  "openalex": "W7203791962",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-64943-5_reference.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-08-01",
  "publisher": "Nature Portfolio",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/77fhs27sjvfm6.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:45:50Z",
      "native_id": "d54599b2f3a942e3bf6ed9863b7c79f2",
      "source": "doaj",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-64943-5"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "earth",
      "origin": "openalex:1111|Agricultural Science and Fertilization",
      "subfield": "hydrology-soils"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Economic response analysis of integrated nutrient management in medium-density planting mango using PLS-SEM and pearson correlation",
  "title_text": "Economic response analysis of integrated nutrient management in medium-density planting mango using PLS-SEM and pearson correlation",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T13:45:50Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/77fhs27sjvfm6",
  "venue": "Scientific Reports",
  "versions": []
}