{
  "abstract": "Background\n\nInguinal and femoral hernias in women show a reported diagnostic gap, with systematic evidence supported by cohorts composed of approximately 84% men.Materials and methods\n\nWe conducted a descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional observational study at a reference center in Bogotá during the 2024-2025 period. We included 494 women, 18 years or older, who had undergone abdominal computed tomography. Double reading by residents was applied, with 2-of-3 majority adjudication between the resident and two independent expert reviewers. Statistical analysis included 95% Wilson confidence intervals, Cohen's kappa with Landis-Koch interpretation, and sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value, reported in accordance with STROBE guidelines.Results\n\nResident-diagnosed prevalence was 88 of 494 (17.8%; 95% CI 14.7-21.4). Adjudicated prevalence was 83 of 494 (16.8%; 95% CI 13.8-20.4). Five cases (1.0%) were reclassified as extraperitoneal fat by expert consensus. Findings included indirect inguinal predominance, bilateral distribution in 26.1%, a high proportion of occult hernias, and underreporting in the original radiology report. Resident sensitivity was 100% against both expert reviewers. Specificity was 84.4% against Reviewer 1 and 47.4% against Reviewer 2. Cohen's kappa for resident vs. Reviewer 1 was 0.878; resident vs. Reviewer 2 was 0.326; and Reviewer 1 vs. Reviewer 2 was 0.408.Conclusions\n\nThe radiological prevalence in women sits above the classical clinical range. Extraperitoneal fat is an overlooked differential diagnosis in female cohorts and accounts for a large part of interreviewer discordance. The 2-of-3 rule works as a replicable method for diagnostic studies with limited resources.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Programa de Radiología e Imágenes Diagnósticas, Fundación Universitaria Sanitas, Bogotá, Colombia.",
    "Departamento de Radiología e Imágenes Diagnósticas, Colsanitas, Bogotá D.C., Colombia."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Sara Gómez Milanés"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Oreanna Quintero Rojas"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jaime Martínez"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Fernando Ortiz"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Andrés Felipe González Serna"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/784hegr7bcea8.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fradi.2026.1957651",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13711499",
  "id": "784hegr7bcea8",
  "issns": [
    "2673-8740"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42948617",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Research"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2746|Hernia repair and management"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221613049",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13711499?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13711499",
  "pmid": "42948617",
  "published": "2026-10-13",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/784hegr7bcea8.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T00:20:34Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42948617",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42948617"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T12:22:16Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13711499",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fradi.2026.1957651"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2746|Hernia repair and management",
      "subfield": "surgery"
    }
  ],
  "title": "CT-detected inguinal and femoral hernias in women: prevalence and interobserver agreement.",
  "title_text": "CT-detected inguinal and femoral hernias in women: prevalence and interobserver agreement.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-31T12:22:16Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/784hegr7bcea8",
  "venue": "Frontiers in radiology",
  "versions": []
}