{
  "abstract": "Cardiovascular disease reflects not only genetic pre-disposition and haemodynamic stress but also reversible alterations in chromatin organization and transcriptional programming, a layer of regulation that is, in principle, amenable to pharmacological intervention. Purpose-built epigenetic drugs, DNA methyltransferase inhibitors, histone deacetylase inhibitors, histone acetyltransferase inhibitors, bromodomain and extra-terminal domain inhibitors, enhancer of zeste homolog 2 inhibitors, and RNA-based therapeutics, target this machinery directly. In parallel, established cardiovascular therapies, including statins, renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors, beta-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, antithrombotic agents, sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, and incretin-based therapies, appear to modulate the epigenome as an underappreciated component of their action, a concept termed ‘pharmaco-epigenetics’. This review appraises both axes side by side, with explicit attention to clinical maturity, including the level of evidence, human validation, development stage, and the interpretation of hypothesis-generating findings. Key translational barriers, cardiac-targeted delivery, biomarkers of target engagement, and interindividual epigenetic variability, are outlined alongside priorities for future trial design.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": "review article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Natalia Atzemian",
      "orcid": "0009-0005-7793-7082"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ludovica Di Venanzio",
      "orcid": "0009-0003-1941-6938"
    },
    {
      "name": "Shafeeq Ahmed Mohammed",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2365-5037"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sarah Costantino"
    },
    {
      "name": "Frank Ruschitzka"
    },
    {
      "name": "Francesco Paneni",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6483-7844"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/79awwqcan87t9.bib",
  "cited_by": 1,
  "doi": "10.1093/ehjcvp/pvag075",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13730576/",
  "id": "79awwqcan87t9",
  "issns": [
    "2055-6837",
    "2055-6845"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjcvp/pvag075",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "AcademicSubjects/MED00200"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "AcademicSubjects/MED00410"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Eurheartj/12"
    ],
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      "heading",
      "Eurheartj/14"
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    ],
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      "heading",
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    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Precision Pharmacotherapy"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Review"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1312|Epigenetics and DNA Methylation"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7214378543",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": "PMC13730576",
  "pmid": "42781940",
  "published": "2026-09-24",
  "publisher": "Oxford University Press",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/79awwqcan87t9.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-07T12:23:06Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13730576",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjcvp/pvag075"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:1312|Epigenetics and DNA Methylation",
      "subfield": "molecular-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Rewriting heart health: epigenetic drugs in cardiovascular medicine",
  "title_text": "Rewriting heart health: epigenetic drugs in cardiovascular medicine",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-07T12:23:06Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/79awwqcan87t9",
  "venue": "European Heart Journal. Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy",
  "versions": []
}