{
  "abstract": "ESKAPE pathogens represent a priority clinical threat due to their multidrug-resistance, persistence in biofilms, and ability to evade antibiotic therapy. In response to these limitations, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have emerged as promising platforms for the development of novel anti-infective strategies. This review analyzes the potential of AMPs against ESKAPE pathogens, integrating their main classes, mechanisms of action, design strategies, and barriers to clinical translation. Natural, synthetic, and peptidomimetic AMPs are examined, along with lytic mechanisms, intracellular targets, anti-virulence effects, quorum quenching, and immunomodulation. In addition, in silico design approaches, multi-objective prediction, and molecular optimization strategies—including stereochemical modifications, cyclization, lipidation, PEGylation, and hybrid design—are discussed. Finally, their activity against ESKAPE biofilms is addressed, together with current limitations related to stability, toxicity, delivery, and preclinical validation.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "School of Biotechnology Engineering, Universidad Católica de Santa María (UCSM), Arequipa 040101, Peru",
    "Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Christian Shleider Carnero Canales",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6694-7991"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Miguel D’Agostino dos Santos",
      "orcid": "0009-0007-1815-9051"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Ana Carolina Cerqueira Negri"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Luiza Rossi Gois"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Subham Kumar Vishwakarma",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6530-6647"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Cesar Augusto Roque‐Borda",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9262-0383"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Fernando Rogerio Pavan",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6969-3963"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/79mtgm8t4xrrc.bib",
  "cited_by": 5,
  "doi": "10.3390/futurepharmacol6020032",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "79mtgm8t4xrrc",
  "issns": [
    "2673-9879"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/futurepharmacol6020032",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2404|Antimicrobial Peptides and Activities"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7164897079",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-06-16",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/79mtgm8t4xrrc.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-07T13:20:53Z",
      "native_id": "W7164897079",
      "source": "openalex",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/futurepharmacol6020032"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:2404|Antimicrobial Peptides and Activities",
      "subfield": "microbiology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Antimicrobial Peptides Against ESKAPE Pathogens: Mechanisms, Molecular Optimization, and Current Limitations",
  "title_text": "Antimicrobial Peptides Against ESKAPE Pathogens: Mechanisms, Molecular Optimization, and Current Limitations",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-09T13:21:11Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/79mtgm8t4xrrc",
  "venue": "Future Pharmacology",
  "versions": []
}