{
  "abstract": "Compound heatwave and ozone pollution events threaten public health as warming and photochemistry intensify. Yet the internal architecture of these events—how heatwaves and ozone separately influence frequency versus intensity—remains poorly resolved at national scale. Here we show, using 1 km resolution grids across China from 2000 to 2023, that heatwaves dominate the frequency of compound extremes while ozone dominates their intensity, and that this asymmetry strengthened after 2016. Population exposure rose primarily because the events themselves intensified, rather than from population growth. City-level influencing factors proved highly heterogeneous, reflecting local combinations of meteorology, pollution and socioeconomic conditions. These findings uncover an asymmetric architecture of compound risk and identify distinct levers—heat versus ozone—for targeted mitigation under continued warming.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China",
    "Department of Non-Communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Longgang Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China",
    "MEEKL-AERM, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Tibetan Plateau, and Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China",
    "NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Guangdong Provincial Reproductive Science Institute (Guangdong Provincial Fertility Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510600, China",
    "Central Laboratory of Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China",
    "School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China",
    "Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511430, China",
    "Department of Environment and Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China",
    "Organ Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China; Corresponding author. Organ Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.",
    "Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China; Corresponding author. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China."
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 17,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yuxin Bi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ruijun Xu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yi Zheng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Nongping Feng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Jing Wei"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Sirong Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Lu Luo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jinying Huang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Kaiwen Zuo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Qiling Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Xinzong Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Ziquan Lv"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Suli Huang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Xue-Yan Zheng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Hong Sun"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Ronghai Deng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Yuewei Liu"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7aae2eavdrvxj.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.ese.2026.100761",
  "fulltext_url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666498426001067",
  "id": "7aae2eavdrvxj",
  "issns": [
    "2666-4984"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ese.2026.100761",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "GE1-350"
    ],
    [
      "lcc",
      "TD1-1066"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2307|Climate Change and Health Impacts"
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  "openalex": "W7212039427",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666498426001067/pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-01",
  "publisher": "Elsevier",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7aae2eavdrvxj.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:44:38Z",
      "native_id": "fd34fda96b044b83ad679f54fc428698",
      "source": "doaj",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ese.2026.100761"
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2307|Climate Change and Health Impacts",
      "subfield": "pharmacology-toxicology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Asymmetric intensification of heatwave-ozone compound extremes across China at 1 km resolution from 2000 to 2023",
  "title_text": "Asymmetric intensification of heatwave-ozone compound extremes across China at 1 km resolution from 2000 to 2023",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T13:44:38Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7aae2eavdrvxj",
  "venue": "Environmental Science and Ecotechnology",
  "versions": []
}