{
  "abstract": "This work investigates the long-term evolution of the vertical structure of superthin galaxies within the framework of Milgromian dynamics (MOND). By constructing an observationally constrained model of UGC 7321, a typical superthin galaxy, we test whether its disc can maintain an extremely flattened structure in a MOND gravitational field. We also construct models with different values of the MOND depth index D_M to study how the global MOND depth affects disc evolution. We perform three-dimensional hydrodynamical N-body simulations using the publicly available code Phantom of RAMSES. In the observationally constrained model of UGC 7321, the galaxy develops a strong bar and undergoes a buckling instability during the early stages of the simulation. The bar strength then decreases gradually, and the system eventually exhibits a weak bar structure. The vertical evolution reflects the combined effects of heating induced by non-axisymmetric structures and vertical confinement in the Milgromian potential. The stellar disc undergoes only limited vertical thickening, and the disc remains largely within the superthin regime, h_z/R_D<0.1, after 5.0 Gyr. The comparison of models with different D_M values suggests that models with lower D_M values, associated in our model suite with higher baryonic masses or more compact discs, exhibit stronger vertical heating and more significant disc thickening. By contrast, models with higher D_M values, corresponding to lower masses or more diffuse structures, tend to maintain a superthin structure. Overall, the simulation results indicate that superthin discs can remain vertically thin during long-term isolated evolution in MOND, and that the long-term maintenance of superthin structures is influenced, at least partly, by the degree to which a galaxy lies in the low-acceleration regime.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2608.01632",
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Zhe-Qi Huang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Hao Chen"
    },
    {
      "name": "Xin-Lei Ge"
    },
    {
      "name": "Cheng-Qun Pang"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7ax6c0j9rjfr8.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2608.01632",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "7ax6c0j9rjfr8",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.01632",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "LicenseRef-arXiv-nonexclusive-1.0",
  "licence_label": "arXiv licence",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "astro-ph.GA"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.01632",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-16",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7ax6c0j9rjfr8.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:22:01Z",
      "native_id": "2608.01632",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.01632"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "astronomy",
      "origin": "arxiv:astro-ph.GA",
      "subfield": "galaxies"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Evolution of superthin galaxies under Milgromian dynamics",
  "title_text": "Evolution of superthin galaxies under Milgromian dynamics",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:22:01Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7ax6c0j9rjfr8",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}