{
  "abstract": "Plateau wetlands are critical habitats for migratory birds, but the potential ecological risks from the large-scale accumulation of migratory bird feces (MBF) remain poorly understood. This study focused on seven wintering waterbird species, including the Grus nigricollis, Grus grus, Fulica atra, Anas strepera, Anas zonorhyncha, Mareca penelope, and Tadorna ferruginea at Caohai Plateau Wetland, sampling across March 2024, January 2025 and March 2025. The phosphorus (P) speciation, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), pathogens, and their interactions were assessed using sequential phosphorus extraction, solution 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance (31P-NMR), and shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Results showed that MBF was enriched in nutrients and heavy metals, with Gruiformes feces containing high total P (0.65% dry weight). Orthophosphate accounted for 90.68% of total P and labile NaHCO3-Po constituted the dominant organic P fraction, collectively indicating strong guanotrophication potential. Metagenomic annotation recovered 231 potential pathogens with Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as dominant taxa; 21 ARG classes were identified, dominated by multidrug resistance genes (32.14–39.29%). Heavy metal (Cu, Cd, Zn) selection pressure enriched MGEs in avian gut microbiota, thereby facilitating horizontal transfer of ARGs and virulence factors (VFs) and ultimately driving the enrichment of multi-drug resistant pathogens. The low-temperature plateau environment further extended the environmental persistence of these hazardous biological contaminants. This study provides a synergistic risk network linking nutrient loading, heavy metal pollution, antimicrobial resistance, and pathogenic proliferation in MBF-impacted plateau wetlands, providing scientific support for plateau wetland ecological restoration and targeted public health risk mitigation under the One Health framework.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "GuizhouKey Laboratory of Plateau Wetland Conservation and Restoration, Guizhou Institute of Biology, Guizhou Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China",
    "College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China"
  ],
  "article_type": "Research Article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yunchuan Long"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jian Lang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Longyan Wang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jin Guo"
    },
    {
      "name": "Xuankong Jiang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Juan Jiang"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7bm4gcd646e2w.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0348709",
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  "id": "7bm4gcd646e2w",
  "issns": [
    "1932-6203"
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  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2310|Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Ecology/Community ecology/Ecological risk"
    ],
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      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Microbiology/Medical microbiology/Microbial pathogens/Bacterial pathogens"
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      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Organisms/Eukaryota/Animals/Vertebrates/Amniotes/Birds"
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      "/Biology and life sciences/Psychology/Behavior/Animal behavior/Animal migration"
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    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Zoology/Animals/Vertebrates/Amniotes/Birds"
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    [
      "plos",
      "/Earth sciences/Geomorphology/Topography/Landforms/Wetlands"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Earth sciences/Marine and aquatic sciences/Aquatic environments/Freshwater environments/Wetlands"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Ecology and environmental sciences/Aquatic environments/Freshwater environments/Wetlands"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Ecology and environmental sciences/Ecology/Community ecology/Ecological risk"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Epidemiology/Medical risk factors"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Pathology and laboratory medicine/Pathogens/Microbial pathogens/Bacterial pathogens"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Pathology and laboratory medicine/Pathogens/Opportunistic pathogens"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Pathology and laboratory medicine/Toxicology/Toxic agents/Toxins/Heavy metals"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Physical sciences/Chemistry/Chemical elements/Heavy metals"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Social sciences/Psychology/Behavior/Animal behavior/Animal migration"
    ]
  ],
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  "pdf_url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0348709&type=printable",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-21",
  "publisher": "Public Library of Science",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7bm4gcd646e2w.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:43Z",
      "native_id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0348709",
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      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0348709"
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "plos:ecology",
      "subfield": "ecology"
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    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "plos:animal behavior",
      "subfield": "zoology-behaviour"
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    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "plos:toxicology",
      "subfield": "pharmacology-toxicology"
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  ],
  "title": "Ecological risk assessment of migratory bird feces in plateau wetland: Phosphorus speciation, ARGs, and pathogens",
  "title_text": "Ecological risk assessment of migratory bird feces in plateau wetland: Phosphorus speciation, ARGs, and pathogens",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:43Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7bm4gcd646e2w",
  "venue": "PLOS One",
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}