{
  "abstract": "Ocular drug delivery is constrained by anatomical barriers, continuous clearance, and compartment-specific homeostasis, which together reduce bioavailability and shorten exposure at target tissues. This review focuses on natural polysaccharide microspheres (NPMs), defined as micron-scale particles whose primary matrix or essential crosslinking framework is a natural polysaccharide or its derivative. Rather than treating polysaccharides as a uniform class, we examine how molecular weight, charge, viscosity, and crosslinking behavior affect fabrication, particle properties, ocular retention, and release. We also compare their route-specific uses and limitations with those of other sustained-release systems. Furthermore, the biological functions of polysaccharide excipients and the concept of “drug-excipient integration” are critically analyzed. Finally, this review evaluates the biosafety, manufacturing processes (including sterilization and quality control), regulatory considerations, patent landscape, clinical evidence, and translational requirements of NPMs, providing guidance for the development of next-generation safe and effective ocular drug delivery platforms.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University Eye Center, Shenyang 110001, China",
    "State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China",
    "Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China",
    "Ruiz Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77030, USA",
    "Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada"
  ],
  "article_type": "review article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 15,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Shixiang Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Peng Sun"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xianjie Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jun Tan"
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    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Yajun Gong"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jingxuan Chen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Qiuxin Xu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yiheng Huang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Fuxin Yang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Xu Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Cong Li"
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    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Chenjin Jin"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Songtao Dong"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xiaoli Ma"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Tu Lu"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7c0cc253ek197.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.ajps.2026.101190",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13722027/?tool=EBI",
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  "issns": [
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    "2221-285X"
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  "language": "eng",
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  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13722027/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13722027",
  "pmid": "42965132",
  "published": "2026-09-01",
  "publisher": "KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7c0cc253ek197.ris",
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    {
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  "subjects": [
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      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:3003|Advanced Drug Delivery Systems",
      "subfield": "pharmacology-toxicology"
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  "title": "Natural polysaccharide microspheres for ocular drug delivery: Sources, design strategies, and therapeutic applications",
  "title_text": "Natural polysaccharide microspheres for ocular drug delivery: Sources, design strategies, and therapeutic applications",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-03T12:22:37Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7c0cc253ek197",
  "venue": "Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences",
  "versions": []
}