{
  "abstract": "Background: Neratinib (NTB) is a potent pan-HER inhibitor, but its oral bioavailability is limited due to poor aqueous solubility, low permeability, and gastrointestinal toxicity. This study incorporated a bioactive transdermal system by incorporating NTB-loaded nanovesicles of Ocimum basilicum oil (NTB-OOs) into dissolving microneedles of PVA/PVP-propolis. Methods: Ocimum basilicum oil was characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). NTB-OOs were screened by I-optimal design and evaluated for vesicular properties, stability, release, skin permeation, and cytotoxicity. The optimized vesicles were loaded in propolis microneedles and evaluated mechanically, ex vivo, and in MCF-7 cells and Ehrlich solid carcinoma-bearing mice. Results: GC-MS revealed a volatile profile rich in linalool, methyl jasmonate, and a cyclopenta[g]-2-benzopyran derivative with reported antioxidant and anticancer activities. The optimized NTB-OOs showed a particle size of (198.9 ± 0.98 nm), entrapment efficiency of (88.9 ± 0.45%), PDI of (0.16 ± 0.01), zeta potential of (-23.1 ± 0.35 mV), and six-month stability. The microneedles provided zero-order release (48-50% after 24 h) and ex vivo permeation (~3500 µg/cm²), which were 2.7- and 1.2-fold higher than those of the NTB suspension and NTB-OOs, respectively. NTB-OOs reduced MCF-7 IC₅₀ from 11.1 to 5.1 µg/mL. In vivo, NTB-OOs/propolis microneedles achieved 75.6% tumor inhibition, increased mean survival from 19 to 26.5 days, and raised the T/C ratio to 139.5%. They also induced apoptosis and downregulated the expression of HER-2, EGFR, VEGF-A, and Bcl-2. Conclusions: The multifunctional nanovesicle-propolis microneedle platform improves NTB solubilization, controlled release, dermal delivery, and antitumor efficacy, supporting its potential for minimally invasive localized breast cancer therapy.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Mokattam, Cairo 11571, Egypt.",
    "Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt.",
    "Pathological Sciences Department, MBBS Program, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah 21461, Saudi Arabia.",
    "Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), 6th of October City 12566, Egypt.",
    "Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Qena University, Qena 83523, Egypt.",
    "Department of Physiology, General Medicine Practice Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia.",
    "Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Kasr Alainy, Giza 11562, Egypt.",
    "Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo 11829, Egypt.",
    "Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Menoufia 32897, Egypt.",
    "Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria (PUA), Alexandria 21311, Egypt.",
    "Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.",
    "Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Menoufia 32811, Egypt.",
    "Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia.",
    "Prince Fahad bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research (PFSCBR), Tabuk 74191, Saudi Arabia."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 12,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Sammar Fathy Elhabal"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Suzan Awad AbdelGhany Morsy",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5874-194X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Marian Sobhy Azer",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1072-9893"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Khaled M Allam",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3442-1124"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5,
        6
      ],
      "name": "Fatma E Hassan",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3985-8931"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Tassneim M Ewedah"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Rania Mostafa Abd El Galil"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Mahmoud Nour El-Din"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Ahmed I Ashmawy",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7945-6921"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        10
      ],
      "name": "Heba Sabry Ahmed"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        11
      ],
      "name": "Azza ElSayed Abd ElFattah Mansy"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        12,
        13
      ],
      "name": "Ahmed Mohsen Elsaid Hamdan",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4930-792X"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7cnhymg2taw4g.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/pharmaceutics18101244",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13708515",
  "id": "7cnhymg2taw4g",
  "issns": [
    "1999-4923"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42942776",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "3003|Advancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7214942261",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13708515?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13708515",
  "pmid": "42942776",
  "published": "2026-09-30",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7cnhymg2taw4g.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:22:24Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42942776",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42942776"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:3003|Advancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery",
      "subfield": "pharmacology-toxicology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Propolis-Based Microneedles Incorporating Neratinib-Loaded Ocimum basilicum Essential Oil-Based Lipid Nanovesicles for Minimally Invasive Cancer Therapy: Formulation and In Vivo Evaluation in an Ehrlich Solid Tumor Model.",
  "title_text": "Propolis-Based Microneedles Incorporating Neratinib-Loaded Ocimum basilicum Essential Oil-Based Lipid Nanovesicles for Minimally Invasive Cancer Therapy: Formulation and In Vivo Evaluation in an Ehrlich Solid Tumor Model.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:22:24Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7cnhymg2taw4g",
  "venue": "Pharmaceutics",
  "versions": []
}