{
  "abstract": "The cortico-subthalamic hyperdirect pathway provides a rapid route for cortical influence over basal ganglia processing and is a key target of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, to what degree dopamine modulates signal transmission along this pathway in humans remains unclear. Using bidirectional cortical and subthalamic electrical stimulation while invasively recording evoked responses in 15 PD patients undergoing DBS surgery, we examined cortico-subthalamic communication across dopaminergic states. Cortical stimulation evoked a short-latency subthalamic response consistent with monosynaptic hyperdirect activation that was preserved across medication conditions. In contrast, longer-latency subthalamic responses showed significant dopaminergic modulation, while cortical responses to subthalamic stimulation remained unchanged. These results reveal a temporal dissociation within the cortex-basal ganglia network, whereby fast cortical transmission is unaffected by dopamine, which in turn amplifies slower network level communication to the subthalamic nucleus. This separation of fast and delayed components provides a mechanistic framework for understanding how dopamine shapes information flow in the cortex-basal ganglia system.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.",
    "Wyss Center for Bio and Neuroengineering - Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.",
    "Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.",
    "Department of Neurosurgery, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.",
    "Neurocure Cluster of Excellence, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.",
    "Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Berlin, Germany.",
    "Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany. julian.neumann@charite.de.",
    "Wyss Center for Bio and Neuroengineering - Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. julian.neumann@charite.de.",
    "AI Hub for Care, Health and Innovation, Geneva, Switzerland. julian.neumann@charite.de."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 10,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jean-Christin Beyer"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Alessia Cavallo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jojo Vanhoecke"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Richard M Köhler"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Bassam Al-Fatly"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Gerd-Helge Schneider"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Katharina Faust"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Gregor A Brandt"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        4,
        5
      ],
      "name": "Andrea A Kühn"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6,
        7,
        8
      ],
      "name": "Wolf-Julian Neumann"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7ebmfjk0syj99.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1038/s41531-026-01567-6",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13680478",
  "id": "7ebmfjk0syj99",
  "issns": [
    "2373-8057"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42897155",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "RC346-429"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2728|Neurological disorders and treatments"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7222960727",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13680478?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13680478",
  "pmid": "42897155",
  "published": "2026-10-19",
  "publisher": "Nature Portfolio",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7ebmfjk0syj99.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:32Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42897155",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42897155"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:45:42Z",
      "native_id": "2b5590d34cfd4b27ae6dac3e8b0f0840",
      "source": "doaj",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41531-026-01567-6"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2728|Neurological disorders and treatments",
      "subfield": "neurology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Dopamine amplifies subthalamic long-latency responses to cortical stimulation in patients with Parkinson's disease.",
  "title_text": "Dopamine amplifies subthalamic long-latency responses to cortical stimulation in patients with Parkinson's disease.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T13:45:42Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7ebmfjk0syj99",
  "venue": "NPJ Parkinson's disease",
  "versions": []
}