{
  "abstract": "This study investigated whether deep learning can distinguish groups of ski experience based on plantar-pressure distributions measured during simulator-based training and whether classifier outputs change during repeated training. Weight-shift images from 27 participants were classified into beginner, novice, and intermediate groups, operationally defined by self-reported skiing exposure, using a YOLO11-based image classifier. Participant-wise generalization was explored using leave-one-participant-out (LOPO) cross-validation, with performance summarized at the participant and session levels. The classifier showed moderate discrimination between the beginner and novice groups but limited generalization to the intermediate group. Session-level classification achieved an accuracy of 0.667, macro-F1 of 0.489, and balanced accuracy of 0.524. Longitudinal changes in classifier outputs were subsequently examined in six beginner participants using fixed participant-dependent models trained only on baseline data. Mixed-effects analyses provided tentative evidence of nonlinear changes in classifier outputs across repeated training sessions, although the results were sensitive to model specification, and substantial inter-individual variability was observed. Qualitative Eigen-CAM visualization and biomechanical analyses further indicated that the classifier responded to distributed plantar-pressure characteristics. These findings support the feasibility of using plantar-pressure patterns to characterize skiing-experience groups and to track longitudinal changes in simulator-derived pressure patterns, while highlighting the need for larger sample sizes and independently validated skiing-skill criteria before such models can be used for objective proficiency assessment.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Shigeharu Ono",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7599-444X"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ryosuke Atsumi"
    },
    {
      "name": "Hideaki Kanai",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7202-8561"
    },
    {
      "name": "Hideki Koike",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8989-6434"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7epfh2zh1ywpj.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1038/s41598-026-76341-y",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "7epfh2zh1ywpj",
  "issns": [
    "2045-2322"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-76341-y",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2740|Winter Sports Injuries and Performance"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7170092602",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-76341-y_reference.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-16",
  "publisher": "Springer Science and Business Media LLC",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7epfh2zh1ywpj.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:30Z",
      "native_id": "10.1038/s41598-026-76341-y",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-76341-y"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2740|Winter Sports Injuries and Performance",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Exploring foot pressure patterns for skiing experience classification in a simulator-based environment",
  "title_text": "Exploring foot pressure patterns for skiing experience classification in a simulator-based environment",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:30Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7epfh2zh1ywpj",
  "venue": "Scientific Reports",
  "versions": []
}