{
  "abstract": "Objective: Previous studies using finger-tapping tasks have shown that patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) exhibit a deficit of temporal processing linked to gait disturbance. In this study, we aimed to investigate abnormalities in lower-limb rhythmic control and their association with freezing of gait in PD using a bilateral foot-tapping task.\n\nMethods: Fifteen patients with PD and 25 healthy controls performed foot-tapping tasks synchronized with auditory tones at fixed intervals (500–2,400 ms). The tasks included unilateral and bilateral foot-tapping, with bilateral movements performed either in-phase (simultaneous) or antiphase (alternating). Data on synchronizing tapping error and inter-tap interval variability were analyzed and correlated with scores from clinical assessments, including the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale and Freezing of Gait Questionnaire.\n\nResults: Patients with PD showed greater negative synchronizing tapping error (negative asynchrony) and higher inter-tap interval variability than did controls, especially in antiphase condition. Exploratory within-PD-group analyses suggested associations between clinical severity and abnormalities in bilateral foot-tapping performance.\n\nConclusion: These findings indicate altered temporal accuracy and stability of rhythmic lower-limb movements in PD, particularly during bilateral antiphase foot-tapping. Bilateral foot-tapping measures may help characterize lower-limb timing deficits that are relevant to gait rehabilitation in PD.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Physical Therapy Course, Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medical Science and Welfare, Tohoku Bunka Gakuen University , ,",
    "Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyorin University , ,",
    "Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara National Hospital , ,",
    "Graduate Course of Health and Social Services, Kanagawa University of Human Services Graduate School , ,",
    "Department of System Neuroscience, Fukushima Medical University , ,",
    "Graduate School of Health and Environmental Science, Tohoku Bunka Gakuen University , ,"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Atsuki Numata"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Yasuo Terao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Naohiko Togashi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Kazuko Hasegawa"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Kenichi Sugawara"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Yoshikazu Ugawa"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Toshiaki Furubayashi"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7es6ywpmc31tn.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fneur.2026.1860090",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13668498/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "7es6ywpmc31tn",
  "issns": [
    "1664-2295"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13668498",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "3612|Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7215107169",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13668498/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13668498",
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7es6ywpmc31tn.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:18Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13668498",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13668498"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:16Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fneur.2026.1860090",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1860090/full"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "issn:1664-2295",
      "subfield": "neurology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Temporal synchronization during bilateral foot-tapping and its relationship with gait disturbance in patients with Parkinson’s disease",
  "title_text": "Temporal synchronization during bilateral foot-tapping and its relationship with gait disturbance in patients with Parkinson’s disease",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:20:16Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7es6ywpmc31tn",
  "venue": "Frontiers in neurology",
  "versions": []
}