{
  "abstract": "Anticancer treatment alters the secretion and molecular composition of tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). Chemotherapy, ionizing radiation, and molecularly targeted therapy are associated with changes in EV-associated microRNAs (miRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs), proteins, metabolic components, and tumor-associated antigens. Some treatment-associated EV changes are supported by molecular characterization alone, whereas others have been evaluated for functional effects in recipient cells. At the donor-cell level, altered EV release and cargo loading involve RAB family small GTPases, lysosomal degradation, multivesicular body–plasma membrane fusion mediated by soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins, the exocyst component Exo70, and RNA- and protein-loading processes. In recipient tumor cells, reported responses include changes in WNT/β-catenin and NOTCH signaling, phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα) signaling, glutamine metabolism, and oxidative responses. Evidence supporting individual cargo–response relationships includes both association-based observations and perturbation-based functional validation. In immune cells, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1)-containing EVs increase programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in macrophages, and PD-L1-positive small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) reduce CD8+ T-cell proliferation and granzyme B production, whereas radiation-induced sEVs carrying tumor-associated antigens and heat shock proteins increase antigen presentation and CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses. This review separates treatment-associated molecular EV alterations from experimentally evaluated recipient-cell effects to clarify the evidence supporting therapy-induced EV responses.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Biological Science, Immunology Research Lab & BK21-Four Educational Research Group for Age-Associated Disorder Control Technology, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 2,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Mi Eun Kim"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jun Sik Lee",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1051-581X"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7f7mrqv2t3chg.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/molecules31213901",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "7f7mrqv2t3chg",
  "issns": [
    "1420-3049"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/31/21/3901",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-29",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7f7mrqv2t3chg.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:42Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/molecules31213901",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/31/21/3901"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "issn:1420-3049",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Anticancer Therapy-Induced Alterations in Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Molecular Mechanisms and Biological Effects",
  "title_text": "Anticancer Therapy-Induced Alterations in Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Molecular Mechanisms and Biological Effects",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-31T00:20:49Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7f7mrqv2t3chg",
  "venue": "Molecules",
  "versions": []
}