{
  "abstract": "Context:: The worldwide prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is progressively increasing. Its subsequent complications, such as microalbuminuria, an early stage of diabetic nephropathy, are rapidly rising as one of the major T2DM complications.\n\nAims:: To determine the prevalence of microalbuminuria in T2DM patients in Aljouf, Saudi Arabia, and its association with overweight and obesity.\n\nSettings and Design:: A retrospective cross-sectional observational study conducted at the primary healthcare services of Al-Jouf Comprehensive Specialized Clinics for the Security Forces.\n\nMethods and Material:: A total of 128 T2DM patients aged 35 years and older were enrolled. Data on demographics, medical history, anthropometric measurements, and microalbuminuria status (assessed by urine dipstick) were extracted from electronic medical records.\n\nStatistical Analysis Used:: Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 27 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA).\n\nResults:: Microalbuminuria was present in 35.9% of patients, with the majority having an albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) of 30 mg/g. Most participants were older (>51 years: 83%) with multiple comorbidities (88.3%). The most prevalent comorbidities were dyslipidemia (67.2%) and hypertension (61.7%). HbA1c was significantly higher in patients with microalbuminuria ≥80 mg/g (P = 0.046). No significant association was found between microalbuminuria and BMI.\n\nConclusions:: A high prevalence of microalbuminuria was observed among T2DM patients in Aljouf. Regular screening and early intervention are imperative to slow the progression of diabetic nephropathy.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Family Medicine Consultant, Al Jouf Comprehensive Specialized Clinics for the Security Forces, Security Forces Hospitals Program, General Directorate of Medical Services, Ministry of Interior, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia",
    "Molecular Bio-technologist, Al Jouf Comprehensive Specialized Clinics for the Security Forces, Security Forces Hospitals Program, General Directorate of Medical Services, Ministry of Interior, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia",
    "Family Medicine Resident, Security Forces Hospital Makkah, Security Forces Hospitals Program, General Directorate of Medical Services, Ministry of Interior, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia",
    "Laboratory Specialist, Al Jouf Comprehensive Specialized Clinics for the Security Forces, Security Forces Hospitals Program, General Directorate of Medical Services, Ministry of Interior, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ahmad Alqadheb"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Daifallah Alruwaily"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Abdulrahman Shalwala"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Sumayyah Albedaiwi"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7gkhp2sz4ab4b.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_397_26",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13722253/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "7gkhp2sz4ab4b",
  "issns": [
    "2249-4863",
    "2278-7135"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13722253",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2727|Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7220866194",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13722253/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13722253",
  "pmid": "42965214",
  "published": "2026-07-01",
  "publisher": "Wolters Kluwer -- Medknow Publications",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7gkhp2sz4ab4b.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T12:21:45Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13722253",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13722253"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-03T12:22:48Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13722253",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_397_26"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2727|Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Prevalence of microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and its association to overweight and obesity in Aljouf, Saudi Arabia",
  "title_text": "Prevalence of microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and its association to overweight and obesity in Aljouf, Saudi Arabia",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-03T12:22:48Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7gkhp2sz4ab4b",
  "venue": "Journal of family medicine and primary care",
  "versions": []
}