{
  "abstract": "Background:: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) management by variable-rate insulin infusion is increasing with the widespread adoption of electronic glucose management systems (eGMS). Herein, we evaluate the implementation of an updated process for DKA management incorporating the eGMS algorithm.\n\nMethods:: An eGMS was implemented within the Cedars-Sinai Health System at our tertiary academic center (AC) and community hospital (CH) in January 2024. We compared outcomes after eGMS implementation (post-GMS) to the previous standard of care (pre-GMS). Adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit with a primary diagnosis of DKA and treated with an insulin infusion between January 2023 and December 2024 were included. We separately evaluated outcomes of hypoglycemia (blood glucose, BG <70 mg/dL) and severe hypoglycemia (BG <40 mg/dL) and treatment efficacy.\n\nResults:: In total, 324 patients were included in the pre-GMS and 211 patients in the post-GMS cohorts. There was a decrease in the prevalence of hypoglycemia (pre-GMS: 11.0%, post-GMS: 4.3%, P = .005) and severe hypoglycemia (pre-GMS: 1.90%, post-GMS: 0.00%, P = .047). At AC, the hospital length of stay (LOS) decreased from 8.6 to 6.0 days (P = .012). At CH, insulin drip duration increased significantly (pre-GMS: 26.4 h, post-GMS: 36.7 h, P = .004), but there was no impact on LOS.\n\nConclusion:: Updating the DKA process and implementing an eGMS improved hypoglycemia rates throughout the institution. Hospital LOS was reduced at the AC, reflecting standardization and streamlining of the DKA processes.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA",
    "Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Los Angeles General Medical Center, CA, USA",
    "Department of Enterprise Information Services, Cedars Sinai Health System, Los Angeles, CA, USA",
    "Department of Internal Medicine, Huntington Hospital, Pasadena, CA, USA",
    "Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA",
    "Data and Analytics Delivery, Cedars-Sinai Health Systems, Los Angeles, CA, USA",
    "Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA",
    "Division of Informatics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA",
    "Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Guerin Children’s, Los Angeles, CA, USA",
    "Department of Nursing, Huntington Hospital, Pasadena, CA, USA",
    "Department of Pharmacy Services, Huntington Hospital, Pasadena, CA, USA"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 14,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Margaret Wei",
      "orcid": "0009-0005-4222-6440"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Omar Kais Ibrahim"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Jacqueline Marie Deirmenjian"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        3,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Tochukwu Madu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Gian Paolo Simone"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Steve Kim"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Elizabeth Vi Nguyen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7,
        8
      ],
      "name": "Cameron Escovedo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Hai Tran"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Shawna Masih"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Nichole McCann Ballweg"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Elizabeth Zakis"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        10
      ],
      "name": "Jennifer Ting-Chan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Roma Gianchandani",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3791-5891"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7gxnw477xsc68.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1177/19322968261501915",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13735760/",
  "id": "7gxnw477xsc68",
  "issns": [
    "1932-2968"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/19322968261501915",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2712|Hyperglycemia and glycemic control in critically ill and hospitalized patients"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7225227192",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": "PMC13735760",
  "pmid": "42978119",
  "published": "2026-11-03",
  "publisher": "Diabetes Technology Society",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7gxnw477xsc68.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-09T12:21:23Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13735760",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/19322968261501915"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2712|Hyperglycemia and glycemic control in critically ill and hospitalized patients",
      "subfield": "endocrinology-metabolism"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Evaluation of Diabetic Ketoacidosis Outcomes Following the Adoption of a Computer-Based Variable-Rate Insulin Infusion Algorithm",
  "title_text": "Evaluation of Diabetic Ketoacidosis Outcomes Following the Adoption of a Computer-Based Variable-Rate Insulin Infusion Algorithm",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-09T12:21:23Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7gxnw477xsc68",
  "venue": "Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology",
  "versions": []
}