{
  "abstract": "Continental shale reservoirs exhibit strong vertical heterogeneity in lamellar fracture development and pore–fracture systems, yet continuous core-scale characterization remains limited. This study presents a hierarchical characterization of four Jurassic Lianggaoshan Formation intervals from Well Ping’an 3, Sichuan Basin, based on full-diameter core computed tomography (CT) scanning combined with convolutional neural network (CNN)-based image segmentation, 3D reconstruction, and pore-scale seepage simulation. The results show that (1) reservoir heterogeneity increases vertically from siltstone to shale intervals, with average lamina/interlayer volume percentages of 11.12%–12.81% and lamina densities of 130–2185 strips/m in shale intervals; (2) lamellar fractures predominantly develop along bedding interfaces, with average fracture porosity of 0.4%–0.7% and strong vertical heterogeneity; (3) within the CT resolution limit, pore–fracture seepage assemblages are classified into pore-dominated, transitional, and fracture-dominated types, with reservoir connectivity jointly influenced by fracture density, aperture, and matrix pore coupling. This study provides a continuous macro–micro integrated characterization workflow for micron-scale pore–fracture features at the CT-resolvable scale (>150 μm), bridging the gap between plug-scale microanalysis and interval-scale geological evaluation. The nanopore system requires complementary methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mercury intrusion capillary pressure (MICP) for full characterization.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "State Key Laboratory of Continental Shale Oil , ,",
    "Daqing Oilfield , , ,",
    "Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Continental Shale Oil , ,",
    "Northeast Petroleum University , ,",
    "Yangtze University , ,"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Jiping Wang",
      "orcid": "0009-0007-3991-4212"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Bo Gao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Binhui Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Hu Wangshui"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Huifang Pan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Lingling Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Tangyu Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Xi Cao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Yu Ma"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7gyjp1avp5my3.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1021/acsomega.6c04701",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13737041/",
  "id": "7gyjp1avp5my3",
  "issns": [
    "2470-1343"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://pubs.acs.org/acsodf/article/doi/10.1021/acsomega.6c04701/5455936/Characterization-of-Macro-Micro-Heterogeneity-in",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2211|Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223169894",
  "pdf_url": "https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsomega.6c04701",
  "pmcid": "PMC13737041",
  "pmid": "42991398",
  "published": "2026-10-22",
  "publisher": "American Chemical Society (ACS)",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7gyjp1avp5my3.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:39Z",
      "native_id": "10.1021/acsomega.6c04701",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://pubs.acs.org/acsodf/article/doi/10.1021/acsomega.6c04701/5455936/Characterization-of-Macro-Micro-Heterogeneity-in"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-09T12:22:21Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13737041",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.6c04701"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "issn:2470-1343",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Characterization of Macro-Micro Heterogeneity in Shale Reservoirs Based on Full-Diameter Core CT Scanning─A Case Study of Jurassic Lianggaoshan Formation Shale in Well Ping’an 3, Sichuan Basin",
  "title_text": "Characterization of Macro-Micro Heterogeneity in Shale Reservoirs Based on Full-Diameter Core CT Scanning─A Case Study of Jurassic Lianggaoshan Formation Shale in Well Ping’an 3, Sichuan Basin",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-09T12:22:21Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7gyjp1avp5my3",
  "venue": "ACS Omega",
  "versions": []
}