{
  "abstract": "FINDING: Kolmogorov complexity's invariance theorem reveals that algorithmic information content is defined only up to an additive constant dependent on the choice of universal Turing machine — a gauge-like freedom in the definition of \"absolute\" complexity. | MATH: Let \\(K_U(x) = \\min_p \\{|p| : U(p)=x\\}\\). Invariance theorem: for any two universal machines \\(U, V\\), \\(K_U(x) \\leq K_V(x) + c_{U,V}\\) and vice versa, so \\(|K_U(x) - K_V(x)| \\leq c_{U,V}\\) where \\(c_{U,V}\\) is a constant independent of \\(x\\). This is formally analogous to gauge freedom in physics: physical laws are invariant under transformations that add a constant to a potential (e.g., \\(A_\\mu \\to A_\\mu + \\partial_\\mu \\chi\\) adds a total derivative, changing action by a boundary term — similarly, changing the reference machine adds a constant to all complexities). The additive constant \\(c_{U,V}\\) is not computable (no effective procedure finds it), mirroring the non-observability of absolute gauge potentials. | CONNECTI\n\nAuthor: Andrew Stewart Caldin, Independent Researcher, UK. Part of the E8 Intelligence Research series. Platform: e8intelligence.com",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Independent Researcher, United Kingdom"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 1,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Andrew Stewart Caldin"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7h00rp5hc6twk.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.23409848",
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  "id": "7h00rp5hc6twk",
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  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
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  "published": "2026-10-16",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7h00rp5hc6twk.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:25Z",
      "native_id": "23409848",
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      "url": "https://zenodo.org/records/23409848"
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  "subjects": [],
  "title": "The Gauge Freedom of Algorithmic Complexity — E8 Intelligence Research",
  "title_text": "The Gauge Freedom of Algorithmic Complexity — E8 Intelligence Research",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:34:22Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7h00rp5hc6twk",
  "venue": "Zenodo",
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