{
  "abstract": "Dental caries continues to be a serious worldwide public health issue, with Streptococcus mutans ( S. mutans ) identified as the primary etiological pathogen. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-cariogenic potential of pinosylvin (PIN) against S. mutans . A combination of in vitro and in vitro experiments was performed to characterize the anti-cariogenic effects of PIN. In vitro assays were conducted to determine the impacts of PIN on the growth, bacterial adhesion, biofilm formation, and lactic acid synthesis of S. mutans . Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was applied to quantify the transcript abundance of key cariogenic virulence genes, including gtfB, gtfC , and gtfD . A rat dental caries model was adopted to assess the biosafety and in vitro anti-cariogenic efficacy of PIN. PIN inhibited the growth, bacterial adhesion, biofilm formation, and lactic acid synthesis of S. mutans . Consistent with these phenotypic alterations, qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that PIN downregulated the expression of core cariogenic virulence genes gtfB, gtfC , and gtfD . In vivo , PIN exhibited favorable biocompatibility and anti-cariogenic effects in the rat caries model. Collectively, these findings suggest that PIN exerts anti-cariogenic activity against S. mutans by suppressing multiple virulence-associated phenotypes and downregulating key cariogenic genes. The in vivo findings further support its biocompatibility and potential anti-cariogenic effect. Nevertheless, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying these effects and suitable delivery strategies of PIN remain to be clarified in future studies.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College",
    "School of Stomatology, North Sichuan Medical College",
    "School of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College",
    "School of Basic Medical Sciences and Law, North Sichuan Medical College",
    "School of Medical Imaging, North Sichuan Medical College",
    "College of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College",
    "Biotechnology Innovation Drug Application and Transformation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, North Sichuan Medical College"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 11,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jingyan Shu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Wei Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Yi Qiu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Xinyu Liao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Yuxuan Xiong"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Xiang Xie"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Yi Xu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Yangyutong Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ying Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jiakuan Peng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5,
        6
      ],
      "name": "Xue Mei"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7hkk2keyfjpkb.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fmicb.2026.1911157",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13713451",
  "id": "7hkk2keyfjpkb",
  "issns": [
    "1664-302X"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1911157/full",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Research"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3506|Oral microbiology and periodontitis research"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221776325",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1911157/pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13713451",
  "pmid": "42952589",
  "published": "2026-10-14",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7hkk2keyfjpkb.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:12Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fmicb.2026.1911157",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1911157/full"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T00:20:41Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42952589",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42952589"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T12:24:00Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13713451",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2026.1911157"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "issn:1664-302X",
      "subfield": "microbiology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Targeting cariogenic virulence of Streptococcus mutans by pinosylvin: a promising anti-cariogenic natural agent",
  "title_text": "Targeting cariogenic virulence of Streptococcus mutans by pinosylvin: a promising anti-cariogenic natural agent",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-01T12:21:07Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7hkk2keyfjpkb",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Microbiology",
  "versions": []
}