{
  "abstract": "We characterize quasiclassical state conversion under thermal operations through population capacities: the maximum population that thermal operations can concentrate on each set of energy levels. These capacities form a normalized, nondecreasing submodular rank function whose base polytope is exactly the thermally reachable population region. Their bounds therefore provide a complete system of accessibility constraints. Every nested chain of capacities can be simultaneously saturated by a reachable state, yielding the maximum expectation value of any prescribed observable, including the system Hamiltonian. For a prescribed target, its thermomajorization prefixes suffice to certify exact conversion through at most $n-1$ binary work-extraction probes. For approximate conversion, we construct a distinguished reachable state from active capacity constraints using a weighted principal sequence in $O(n^2 \\log n)$ operations. At fixed comparison weights, this state minimizes every weighted convex separable residual cost and realizes a common first contact with the corresponding target-centered smoothing regions. Finally, the optimal trace-distance error equals the largest capacity advantage of the target over the initial state. This gap is attained at a target prefix and equals the largest positive optimized energy-storage deficit among the same binary probes, divided by their energy gap. Thus a common population capacity geometry determines accessibility, observable optimization, conversion certificates, and universal approximation.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2610.35433",
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "F. Meroi"
    },
    {
      "name": "C. Massri"
    },
    {
      "name": "M. Losada"
    },
    {
      "name": "G. Bellomo"
    },
    {
      "name": "G. M. Bosyk"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7hsdxa9h1nky3.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2610.35433",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "7hsdxa9h1nky3",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.35433",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "LicenseRef-arXiv-nonexclusive-1.0",
  "licence_label": "arXiv licence",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "quant-ph"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3109|Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223968486",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.35433",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-26",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7hsdxa9h1nky3.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:35:35Z",
      "native_id": "2610.35433",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.35433"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:quant-ph",
      "subfield": "quantum"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Population Capacity and the Geometry of Thermomajorization",
  "title_text": "Population Capacity and the Geometry of Thermomajorization",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-09T00:20:38Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/7hsdxa9h1nky3",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}